Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and a structural component for tissues like skin, bone, and cartilage. A processed version of this protein, known as collagen hydrolysate, has become a popular dietary supplement.
What is Collagen Hydrolysate?
Collagen hydrolysate, also called hydrolyzed collagen or collagen peptides, is created by breaking down large collagen molecules into smaller units. This process, called hydrolysis, uses enzymes or heat to break the chemical bonds within the protein chains. The source material is animal by-products, including the skin, bones, and connective tissues of cows (bovine), pigs (porcine), chickens, or fish (marine).
The resulting product is composed of small peptides with a low molecular weight. This significant reduction in size from the large, native collagen molecule gives collagen hydrolysate its distinct properties. A notable property is its high solubility in both cold and hot water, distinguishing it from other collagen derivatives. The specific profile of peptides can differ based on the original animal source and the methods used for hydrolysis.
Collagen Hydrolysate Versus Other Collagen Types
Collagen hydrolysate differs from other forms like native collagen and gelatin. Each is derived from the same source protein but processed differently, resulting in variations in structure and function.
Native, or undenatured, collagen is the protein in its original, intact triple-helix structure. Its large molecular size makes it difficult to absorb. Undenatured Type II collagen, sourced from chicken cartilage, is used in some supplements for joint health, but it functions differently than hydrolysate. It works through a process involving immune system modulation rather than providing direct building blocks for tissue.
Gelatin is created through partial hydrolysis, a less intensive process than that used for collagen hydrolysate. This results in peptides that are larger than those in hydrolysate but smaller than native collagen. Gelatin forms a gel in cold liquids, a property used in many food products. In contrast, collagen hydrolysate dissolves completely without gelling, making it more versatile as a supplement to be mixed into beverages.
How Collagen Hydrolysate Works in the Body
The small peptides of collagen hydrolysate are readily absorbed through the intestinal lining and enter the bloodstream. This efficient absorption is a direct result of the hydrolysis process breaking the protein into manageable sizes. These peptides are absorbed within hours of consumption.
Once in circulation, these collagen peptides function in two ways. First, they provide the body with a supply of amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which are the components needed to build new collagen. Some of these peptides can be absorbed intact and travel to target tissues.
Second, some absorbed peptides act as signaling molecules. They stimulate specialized cells, such as fibroblasts in the skin and chondrocytes in cartilage. This stimulation prompts the cells to increase their own production of collagen and other structural components like elastin and hyaluronic acid.
Reported Uses of Collagen Hydrolysate
The most studied applications for collagen hydrolysate relate to skin, joints, and bones. Scientific reviews indicate that oral supplementation can improve skin health by increasing hydration, elasticity, and collagen density, reducing the appearance of wrinkles. The peptides support the underlying dermal matrix.
For joint health, studies show collagen hydrolysate supports cartilage. Daily intake can help reduce joint pain and improve mobility, particularly for individuals with osteoarthritis. The mechanism involves the peptides accumulating in cartilage and encouraging the production of new tissue, leading to better joint function.
The protein’s role in bone health has also been investigated. Since bone is composed largely of collagen, providing the body with these building blocks supports bone mineral density. One study involving postmenopausal women found that daily supplementation was associated with an increase in bone density after one year.
Choosing and Using Collagen Hydrolysate
Collagen hydrolysate is available in several forms, including powders, capsules, and ready-to-drink liquids. Powders are versatile and can be mixed into beverages like coffee, smoothies, or soups. Capsules offer a convenient, pre-measured dose.
There is no single established dosage, but scientific studies have used amounts ranging from 2.5 to 15 grams per day. Follow the dosage instructions on the product label or consult with a healthcare professional. Look for products with minimal added fillers or artificial ingredients and check for third-party testing certifications for quality and purity.
Collagen hydrolysate is well-tolerated, but some individuals experience mild digestive side effects like feelings of fullness or bloating. Consider the source of the collagen, especially for those with allergies. For instance, individuals with fish or shellfish allergies should avoid marine-derived collagen. Checking the label for the animal source ensures the product aligns with dietary restrictions.