Chloroxine is a synthetic chemical compound classified as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. It is a monohydroxyquinoline derivative, 5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-ol, created through the chlorination of quinolin-8-ol. This compound inhibits the growth of various microorganisms.
Primary Medical Applications
Chloroxine is primarily used to address skin and scalp conditions caused by microbial overgrowth. It is found in over-the-counter and prescription products, such as shampoos and topical preparations. The compound is employed in the management of dandruff and mild to moderately severe seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.
Dandruff, characterized by flaky skin on the scalp, and seborrheic dermatitis, an inflammatory skin condition leading to redness, itching, and scaling, both benefit from chloroxine’s antimicrobial action. Its effectiveness extends to various bacterial and fungal organisms, including dermatophytes and yeasts. Some formulations may also treat other bacterial or fungal skin infections, or intertrigo.
Mechanism of Action
The exact cellular and microbial processes through which chloroxine exerts its effects are not fully understood. It inhibits the growth of microorganisms, including gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, and has shown activity against certain yeasts and dermatophytes.
One proposed mechanism involves chloroxine’s ability to reduce excessive scaling associated with conditions like dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. It may achieve this by slowing down mitotic activity in the epidermis. Studies have indicated that chloroxine can induce SOS-DNA repair in E. coli, suggesting a potential genotoxic effect on bacteria.
Important Considerations for Use
When using chloroxine, follow the specific instructions provided with the product or by a healthcare professional. For topical applications like shampoos, wet the hair and scalp with lukewarm water, apply the product to create a lather, and leave it on the scalp for about three minutes before rinsing. This process is repeated, and the product is used twice a week or as directed.
Avoid using chloroxine on blistered, raw, or oozing areas of the scalp unless advised by a doctor. Avoid accidental contact with the eyes; if it occurs, flush thoroughly with cool water. Continued eye irritation warrants medical consultation. Potential side effects include skin irritation, itching, redness, or dryness.
Chloroxine is generally safe for its intended uses and is available by prescription, requiring medical guidance. Limited information exists on its use in children or older adults, and potential risks during breastfeeding should be weighed against benefits. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions, such as hives, severe skin rash, wheezing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, can occur, requiring immediate medical attention.