Keratosis pilaris, often called “chicken skin,” is a common, harmless skin condition causing small, rough bumps. It is not contagious and poses no health risks. While prevalent across all ages, it is particularly common in children and teenagers. Its appearance can sometimes be a cosmetic concern.
Understanding Keratosis Pilaris
Keratosis pilaris manifests as tiny, rough bumps that can feel like sandpaper to the touch. These bumps may be skin-colored, or they can appear red, brown, or white, depending on an individual’s skin tone. The condition commonly affects the outer sides of the upper arms and thighs, but it can also appear on the buttocks, face, and sometimes the forearms and lower legs.
The skin around these bumps may feel dry and become itchy. While the bumps do not cause discomfort, irritation can lead to increased redness. The condition is often more apparent in drier conditions and may improve in humid environments.
The Science Behind the Bumps
Keratosis pilaris occurs when hair follicles become blocked with keratin, a protective protein. Instead of flaking off naturally, excess keratin forms a plug that obstructs the hair follicle opening. This process, known as hyperkeratinization, can sometimes trap an ingrown hair beneath the surface.
The exact reason for this keratin buildup is not fully understood, but a genetic predisposition is recognized as a contributing factor. If one or both parents have keratosis pilaris, there is an increased likelihood that their children will also develop the condition. Additionally, keratosis pilaris is often associated with other skin conditions, including dry skin, eczema (atopic dermatitis), and asthma.
Caring for Skin with Keratosis Pilaris
Managing keratosis pilaris involves a consistent skincare routine focused on gentle care and hydration. Regular moisturizing is important, especially after bathing when the skin is still damp, to help soften the bumps and minimize dryness. Products containing ingredients such as urea, lactic acid, salicylic acid, or alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are beneficial as they help loosen and remove dead skin cells while also moisturizing.
Gentle exfoliation can also help to smooth the skin’s texture by removing the keratin plugs. This should be done with a soft washcloth or mild exfoliating scrub, avoiding harsh scrubbing which can irritate the skin and worsen the condition. When bathing, it is advisable to use lukewarm water and limit shower times to prevent stripping the skin of its natural oils. Using mild, unperfumed soaps and cleansers is also recommended.
For individuals whose keratosis pilaris persists or causes discomfort, consulting a dermatologist can provide additional options. A healthcare provider can confirm the diagnosis and may recommend stronger prescription-strength creams or discuss advanced treatments like laser therapy. While keratosis pilaris often improves with age, consistent home care can enhance the skin’s appearance and feel.