“Catnip Everdeen” is a playful name for Nepeta cataria, the common catnip plant. It is not a distinct botanical variety, but a playful combination of the plant with a fictional character, highlighting general interest in this aromatic herb and its effects on felines.
The Catnip Plant
Nepeta cataria is an herbaceous perennial, a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It grows 2 to 3 feet tall, with square stems and heart-shaped, grayish-green leaves. It produces small, white or lavender flowers in dense spikes.
Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, it has naturalized across North America. Its aromatic qualities are evident even when not in bloom, releasing a scent when leaves are brushed or crushed. It is hardy and thrives in various temperate climates.
Why Cats Love Catnip
Cats are drawn to catnip by nepetalactone, a volatile compound. Found in the plant’s leaves, stems, and flowers, this compound binds to receptors in a cat’s nasal tissues. This interaction mimics feline pheromones, causing a temporary neurological response.
When exposed, many cats exhibit behaviors like rolling, rubbing, purring, increased vocalization, or hyperactivity. Some may also chew or lick the plant, leading to drooling. Not all cats react; sensitivity is genetic, with 50-70% showing a response. Effects typically last 5 to 15 minutes before the cat becomes temporarily immune. Catnip is safe, non-addictive, and harmless when ingested in small amounts.
Growing Catnip
Cultivating Nepeta cataria is straightforward, as it is a robust and adaptable plant. Catnip thrives in full sun for at least six hours daily, though it can tolerate partial shade, especially in hotter climates. Optimal soil conditions include well-draining, average to poor soil, as overly rich soil can lead to leggy growth.
Once established, catnip exhibits significant drought tolerance, requiring minimal supplemental watering. Young plants benefit from consistent moisture during their initial growth phase. Catnip can be propagated from seeds, which should be lightly covered with soil and kept moist until germination. It also grows from cuttings taken in spring or early summer, or through division of mature clumps.
While generally resistant to common garden pests, occasional issues with spider mites or whiteflies may arise, particularly in stressed plants. These can be managed with insecticidal soap or by introducing beneficial insects. Pruning the plant regularly, especially after flowering, encourages bushier growth and prevents excessive self-seeding, which can lead to it becoming invasive in some garden settings.
Harvesting and Storing Catnip
For maximum potency, harvest catnip just before the plant begins to flower, typically in mid to late summer. This timing ensures the highest concentration of nepetalactone in the leaves. It is best to harvest on a dry day, after any morning dew has evaporated, to prevent mold during the drying process.
To dry catnip, hang bundles of stems upside down in a well-ventilated, dark area, or spread individual leaves on screens. A food dehydrator set at a low temperature (around 95-105°F or 35-40°C) can also be used for quicker drying. Once completely dry and crumbly, remove the leaves from the stems. Store dried catnip in airtight containers, such as glass jars, in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight and heat. Proper storage helps to preserve its aromatic oils and potency for many months, allowing your cat to enjoy its effects throughout the year.