Caput succedaneum is a common, temporary, and harmless condition appearing as a soft swelling on a newborn’s scalp, typically noticed shortly after birth. It does not indicate a serious underlying medical problem.
Understanding Caput Succedaneum
Caput succedaneum is an accumulation of fluid (serous fluid or blood) under the scalp. This swelling occurs above the periosteum, the fibrous membrane covering the skull bones. The fluid collection is diffuse, spreading out rather than being confined.
The primary cause of caput succedaneum is pressure exerted on the baby’s head during the birthing process. This pressure occurs during prolonged or difficult vaginal deliveries. The use of delivery assistance tools, such as vacuum extractors or forceps, can also increase the likelihood of this condition. This swelling involves the soft tissues of the scalp and does not indicate any injury to the skull bones themselves.
Recognizing the Appearance
Caput succedaneum appears as a soft, puffy, and sometimes cone-shaped or elongated swelling on the baby’s head. The swelling is located on the part of the head that presented first during delivery. A distinguishing characteristic of caput succedaneum is its ability to cross suture lines, which are the fibrous joints between the skull bones.
The skin over the swollen area may show changes, appearing bruised, discolored with reddish or purplish tones, or having a slightly pitted appearance. When gently pressed, the swelling feels soft and may retain a temporary indentation. Parents might also notice some molding, where the soft skull bones overlap due to pressure, giving the head a more pointed shape.
Recovery and When to Consult a Doctor
Caput succedaneum is benign and resolves on its own without requiring specific medical treatment. The swelling diminishes and disappears within a few days to about a week after birth. During this time, gentle handling of the baby’s head is advisable, and parents should avoid putting any additional pressure on the swollen area. No special interventions, such as attempting to drain the fluid, are necessary or recommended, as this could potentially lead to infection.
While caput succedaneum resolves without complications, certain signs warrant contacting a pediatrician. Seek medical advice if your baby experiences any of the following:
The swelling increases in size.
A fever develops.
Unusual irritability or lethargy.
Difficulty with feeding.
Signs of infection over the swelling, such as increased redness, warmth, or pus.
Signs of jaundice, including yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes, as severe bruising can sometimes contribute to a buildup of bilirubin.