Black heel is a common, harmless skin condition that appears as small, dark spots on the heel. This article explains its causes, appearance, and prevention.
Understanding Black Heel
Black heel, also known as talon noir, involves the accumulation of blood within the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, on the heel. It presents as small, dark spots, which can range in color from red to brown or black. These spots are often found on the back or sides of the heel and may sometimes resemble tiny splinters or a bruise.
The lesions can vary in size, from pinpoint dots to larger single areas, and are asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort. The discoloration is superficial, residing in the top layers of the skin, which is a key characteristic for its identification.
Why Black Heel Develops
Black heel arises from repetitive shearing forces and friction on the skin of the heel. This pressure causes tiny blood vessels, known as capillaries, near the skin’s surface to rupture. The ruptured capillaries release small amounts of blood, leading to pinpoint hemorrhages that collect in the stratum corneum.
Activities involving frequent quick stops, starts, and turns, or repetitive pounding, commonly cause this condition. Examples include sports like basketball, tennis, football, and running. Constant friction and pressure from footwear, especially new or ill-fitting shoes, also contribute to its development.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Black heel usually resolves on its own without specific medical treatment, clearing within four to six weeks. However, it can sometimes be mistaken for more serious skin conditions, such as melanoma, a type of skin cancer. A distinguishing feature is its superficial nature; the pigment can be reduced by gentle scraping of the skin’s surface.
Consult a healthcare professional if the lesion changes in size, shape, or color, or if it bleeds or causes pain. Any uncertainty about the diagnosis warrants medical evaluation to rule out other conditions.
Preventing Black Heel
Preventing black heel involves reducing the friction and shearing forces on the heel. Wearing properly fitting shoes, particularly athletic footwear, is important. Shoes should provide adequate cushioning and support, reducing impact on the heel.
Choosing appropriate socks also aids prevention. Moisture-wicking socks keep feet dry, while cushioned or double-layer socks reduce friction between the foot and shoe. Gradually breaking in new shoes and considering protective padding or inserts for activities that cause the condition can also minimize recurrence.