A headache is a frequent symptom experienced by individuals with COVID-19, often appearing early in the illness. It is a common manifestation of the body’s response to the viral infection.
Understanding COVID Headaches
COVID-19 headaches often present with specific characteristics. Many describe the pain as moderate to severe, feeling like a tightening or pressing sensation, similar to a tension headache. The pain is frequently located on both sides of the head, particularly in the forehead, temples, or behind the eyes. Some experience a throbbing or pulsing pain, akin to a migraine, which can worsen with movement or coughing.
The duration of these headaches can vary, typically lasting a few days, with one study indicating an average of four days. In some cases, however, headaches can persist for weeks or even months, becoming a feature of “long COVID” even after other symptoms resolve. While the exact cause is still under investigation, it is thought to involve inflammation throughout the body, including around the brain and blood vessels, as the immune system combats the virus. The virus may also activate the trigeminal nerve, which transmits pain signals from the face to the brain, contributing to headache development.
Over-the-Counter Relief
For many COVID-19 headaches, over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers can provide relief. Acetaminophen, commonly known as Tylenol, works by blocking pain signals in the brain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve), reduce inflammation and pain throughout the body. These medications can help alleviate both headache pain and any accompanying fever.
When using these medications, it is important to follow the dosage instructions provided on the package. Always be mindful of other cold or flu medications you might be taking, as they can also contain pain relievers, potentially leading to accidental overdose if combined. While generally safe for short-term use, prolonged use of OTC pain relievers for more than a week can sometimes lead to rebound headaches. If you have existing health conditions or are taking other medications, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment.
Non-Medication Strategies
Beyond medication, several non-pharmacological approaches can help manage COVID-19 headaches. Resting in a quiet, darkened room can be beneficial, especially if light sensitivity is present, a common symptom that can worsen headache pain. Adequate hydration is also important, as dehydration can exacerbate headaches, particularly if you have a fever or other fluid-losing symptoms. Drinking water, electrolyte solutions, or broths can help maintain fluid balance.
Applying compresses, either cold or warm, to the head or neck may also offer comfort. A cold compress can help constrict blood vessels and reduce inflammation, while a warm compress can relax tense muscles. Gentle techniques like deep breathing exercises or meditation can help manage stress, which is a known headache trigger. Avoiding other potential headache triggers, such as bright lights, loud noises, or strong smells, can further contribute to pain reduction. Ensuring sufficient sleep also aids the body’s healing process and can help alleviate headache discomfort.
When to Seek Medical Care
While most COVID-19 headaches resolve with home care, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. A sudden, severe headache, often described as the “worst headache of your life,” could indicate a more serious underlying condition. Seek emergency care if a headache is accompanied by a stiff neck, confusion, or difficulty speaking.
Other concerning signs include weakness or numbness on one side of the body, changes in vision, or seizures. A high fever that does not respond to medication, coupled with a severe headache, also requires prompt medical evaluation. It is important to avoid self-diagnosing and to consult a healthcare provider for persistent or worsening symptoms, or if you are unsure whether your symptoms are concerning.