Bacteroides uniformis is a prominent and common member of the human gut microbiome. It is a gram-negative bacterium of the Bacteroidetes phylum, thriving in anaerobic environments like the large intestine. Bacteroides uniformis is rod-shaped, non-motile, and does not form spores.
Metabolic Influence
Bacteroides uniformis plays a significant role in human metabolism by breaking down complex carbohydrates and dietary fibers that human enzymes cannot digest. This fermentation process in the gut produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): acetate, propionate, and butyrate.
These SCFAs are absorbed through the large intestine and serve as an energy source for the host, contributing to daily energy requirements. Butyrate provides energy to gut lining cells, supporting their health. Propionate contributes to gluconeogenesis in the liver, helping maintain stable blood glucose levels. Acetate achieves the highest systemic concentrations among SCFAs.
The presence of Bacteroides uniformis has been associated with improved metabolic markers, including better glucose control and a role in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. This bacterium can ameliorate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders by reducing circulating levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
Immune System Regulation
Bacteroides uniformis contributes to regulating the host’s immune responses within the gut. It helps maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, particularly against diet-induced imbalances. It has anti-inflammatory properties, helping reduce gut inflammation. It increases anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, in the gut and other tissues.
It also strengthens gut barrier integrity. A healthy gut barrier prevents harmful substances and toxins from leaking from the intestines into the bloodstream, a condition sometimes referred to as “leaky gut.” By supporting this barrier, Bacteroides uniformis contributes to defense against systemic inflammation. Its ability to modulate immune cells, including increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs), promotes immune balance in the gut.
Modifying Bacteroides Uniformis Levels
Diet and lifestyle influence the abundance of Bacteroides uniformis in the gut. To support its growth, incorporating prebiotics is beneficial. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial gut bacteria. Examples include inulin (found in chicory root, onions, and garlic) and various types of dietary fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
A diverse, plant-rich diet provides a wide array of fibers and complex carbohydrates that Bacteroides uniformis can ferment. This diet, rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, positively alters gut bacterial composition, supporting beneficial species. Conversely, a high-fat, low-fiber Western diet negatively impacts gut microbiome balance. This pattern, characterized by processed foods, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats, leads to a reduction in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful ones, potentially decreasing beneficial SCFA production.