Aristotelia chilensis, commonly recognized as Maqui berry, is a small, dark-purple fruit originating from Patagonia. This berry has gained attention for its unique properties and global recognition. Its appeal stems from its rich cultural heritage and health benefits.
Understanding Aristotelia chilensis
Aristotelia chilensis is a tree species belonging to the Elaeocarpaceae family, native to the Valdivian temperate forests of Chile and southern Argentina. This evergreen tree can reach heights of 4 to 5 meters, with a divided trunk, smooth bark, flexible branches, and oval-lanceolate leaves with serrated edges. The plant produces small, white flowers that develop into edible, round, dark purple berries, typically 4 to 6 millimeters in diameter, containing several seeds.
The Maqui berry is significant to indigenous cultures, particularly the Mapuche people of Chile. The Mapuche have long used the leaves, stems, and berries for medicinal purposes, viewing it as a sacred plant. The berries have been traditionally harvested and valued for their energizing and health-boosting properties.
Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits
The Maqui berry is known for its rich nutritional profile and abundance of bioactive compounds. It contains various polyphenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonols, and ellagic acid. Anthocyanins, which give the fruit its deep purple color, are the most predominant of these compounds, specifically delphinidins.
These bioactive compounds contribute to the Maqui berry’s antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants help protect cells from damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals, which are linked to aging, inflammation, and various chronic conditions. The Maqui berry contains up to four times more antioxidants than blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries. Delphinidins, being water-soluble, are effective as they are readily absorbed into the bloodstream.
The consumption of Maqui berry is associated with several potential health benefits. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may support cellular health and immune function. Research indicates it can support healthy blood sugar levels, with studies showing that a standardized extract of Maqui berry can help regulate post-meal blood glucose and insulin levels. The anthocyanins in Maqui berry may also contribute to heart health by potentially lowering “bad” LDL cholesterol and raising “good” HDL cholesterol. Studies suggest a reduced risk of heart attacks and high blood pressure with higher anthocyanin intake.
Consuming and Utilizing Maqui Berry
Maqui berry has been traditionally used by indigenous populations in various forms. The Mapuche people consumed the berries fresh, dried, or in fermented beverages, such as “maqui chicha,” for stamina and energy. The leaves were also used to prepare herbal teas for treating ailments like diarrhea, tonsillitis, and ulcers. Its vibrant color also made it a natural dye for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
In modern applications, Maqui berry is available in several forms for consumption. Fresh berries are consumed, and the fruit is processed into juices and powders. These products can be incorporated into a daily diet, for instance, by adding Maqui powder to smoothies. Standardized Maqui berry extracts are also found in supplements, with some studies using doses like 450 mg per day for antioxidant effects or 60 mg for eye health. While considered safe in doses up to 180 mg daily for three months, comprehensive data on long-term safety or interactions, especially during pregnancy or lactation, is limited.