Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica (ABH) is a benign condition marked by the sudden eruption of a blood-filled blister within the mouth. This oral lesion is not linked to underlying blood disorders or serious systemic diseases. The blisters are considered a relatively common phenomenon, primarily affecting adults, and the condition is a localized issue that resolves on its own.
Symptoms and Common Locations
The primary sign of ABH is the rapid formation of a dark red or purple blister, known as a bulla, on the soft tissues inside the mouth. These blisters can vary in size, sometimes reaching up to three centimeters in diameter, and appear taut with blood. A person may feel a mild stinging or burning sensation just before the blister erupts, and while the blister itself is not painful, discomfort can arise once it ruptures.
These lesions most frequently develop on the soft palate, the tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth. Other common locations include the inside of the cheeks, known as the buccal mucosa, and the tongue. It is uncommon to have more than one blister at a time, but recurrences can happen.
Associated Causes and Triggers
In many instances, the precise cause of ABH is not identified. However, the most common trigger is minor, localized trauma to the delicate tissues of the mouth. This can occur from eating hard, abrasive, or hot foods like chips or crusty bread. Accidental bites to the cheek or tongue and minor injuries during dental procedures are also recognized as potential triggers.
While direct physical injury is a frequent factor, other contributors have been noted. Long-term use of steroidal inhalers, often for asthma, may make some individuals more susceptible. Some research suggests a possible link to systemic conditions such as diabetes. For about half of the reported cases, no specific precipitating event can be found.
Typical Healing and Management
The natural course of an ABH lesion involves the blister rupturing on its own, typically within a few minutes to a couple of days after forming. The rupture releases the blood and leaves behind a shallow ulcer. This ulcer generally heals completely within one to two weeks without any scarring, and the process is self-limiting.
Home care focuses on managing the area after the blister has burst to prevent irritation and secondary infection. It is advisable to avoid spicy, acidic, or very hard foods that could aggravate the tender ulcer. Gently rinsing the mouth with a warm salt-water solution can help keep the area clean. Maintaining good oral hygiene with a soft-bristled toothbrush is also recommended.
A visit to a doctor or dentist is warranted if the blisters are unusually large, recur frequently, are excessively painful, or heal slowly. Medical consultation is also important if there is any doubt about the diagnosis, as a professional can rule out other conditions. In rare instances where a very large blister obstructs the throat, immediate medical attention may be necessary.