An adenectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the adenoids, small glands located at the back of the nose. This common operation is performed most often on children when their adenoids become enlarged and cause health issues. While the adenoids are part of the immune system, their removal does not negatively impact long-term immune function and helps improve a child’s quality of life.
Medical Reasons for an Adenectomy
As part of the immune system, the adenoids help protect the body from viruses and bacteria that enter through the nose, particularly in early childhood. However, they can become persistently enlarged, or hypertrophied, from recurrent infections or allergies. This enlargement can lead to a range of medical issues that may require their surgical removal.
One of the primary reasons for an adenectomy is to address chronic ear and sinus infections. Enlarged adenoids can block the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the throat, preventing proper drainage. This can lead to fluid buildup, frequent middle ear infections (otitis media), and hearing difficulties. Infected adenoids can also harbor bacteria, contributing to recurring sinus infections (chronic sinusitis).
Another significant issue is airway obstruction from oversized adenoids. This blockage forces a child to breathe primarily through their mouth, which can lead to a constantly runny nose, dry mouth, and a nasal-sounding voice.
Sleep-disordered breathing, including loud snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is another reason for the procedure. When enlarged adenoids block the airway during sleep, breathing can periodically stop, disrupting sleep and reducing oxygen levels. This lack of restful sleep can result in daytime irritability and may affect a child’s growth and development.
The Adenectomy Surgical Procedure
The surgical process for an adenectomy is straightforward. Before the operation, patients must fast for a set number of hours as instructed by the medical team. This is a standard safety measure for any procedure involving general anesthesia.
An adenectomy is performed under general anesthesia, so the patient is asleep and feels no pain. The surgeon accesses the adenoid tissue through the patient’s open mouth. This approach means there are no external cuts or visible scars.
Using specialized instruments, the surgeon removes the adenoid tissue. Common techniques involve using a curette to scrape the tissue away or a coblation device that uses radiofrequency energy to dissolve it. The procedure is often completed in under 30 minutes, and stitches are not required as bleeding is controlled during the operation.
Post-Operative Recovery
After the surgery, the patient is monitored in a recovery room while waking from anesthesia, and most children go home the same day. The recovery period lasts one to two weeks, during which certain symptoms are expected.
A sore throat, difficulty swallowing, bad breath, and ear pain are normal during the first week. These discomforts can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen. A low-grade fever or an upset stomach may also occur in the first 24 to 48 hours.
A diet of cool liquids and soft foods is recommended for the first several days to soothe the throat. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water is also important to ease throat pain. Good food and drink options include:
- Ice pops
- Yogurt
- Applesauce
- Pudding
- Lukewarm soups
Rest is an important part of a smooth recovery. Strenuous activities, rough play, and nose blowing should be avoided for at least a week to allow the area to heal and prevent bleeding. Children can often return to school within three to five days, provided they feel well enough. It is important to contact a doctor for any signs of active bleeding, a persistent fever, or an inability to drink fluids.