The term “triggers bug” commonly refers to chiggers, the larval stage of tiny mites from the Trombiculidae family. These nearly microscopic creatures cause intensely itchy bites in humans.
What Triggers Bugs Are and Where They Live
Chiggers are the six-legged larval stage of a mite, measuring only 0.15 to 0.3 millimeters (approximately 1/100 inch) and appearing yellowish to light-red. While adult mites are larger and prey on small insects, only the larval stage feeds on humans and other animals.
Chiggers thrive in warm, humid environments, commonly found in tall grass, dense weeds, brush, and wooded areas. They are prevalent in regions like the American Southeast, South, and Midwest, where temperatures average 77–86℉ (25–30℃). They tend to cluster in specific spots within these habitats, such as along the edges of wooded areas, in briar patches, or near natural bodies of water.
The Bite and Its Aftermath
When a chigger larva encounters human skin, it attaches using its mouthparts and injects digestive enzymes. This liquefies skin cells, which the chigger consumes as its food source. It is a common misconception that chiggers burrow into the skin; instead, they remain on the surface, sometimes creating a feeding tube called a stylostome from hardened skin cells.
The intense itching associated with chigger bites begins several hours after exposure, as the body reacts to the injected enzymes. This allergic response manifests as small, red bumps or pimples, welts, or even blisters. Bites often appear in clusters, particularly in areas where clothing fits tightly, such as around sock lines, waistbands, or behind the knees. The itching can persist for several days to two weeks even after the chigger has detached.
Prevention and Relief
Preventing chigger bites involves several steps, especially when entering known habitats. Applying insect repellents containing DEET to exposed skin and treating clothing with permethrin can deter these mites. Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks or boots, creates a physical barrier against chiggers. Immediately showering with soap and water after returning indoors can help dislodge any chiggers that may have attached.
For relief from the itching, over-the-counter options are effective. Calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream can soothe the irritated skin. Oral antihistamines may also help reduce the itching sensation. Contrary to a common folk remedy, applying nail polish to chigger bites is ineffective because chiggers do not burrow into the skin, and the itch is an allergic reaction to their saliva, not from a living mite trapped under the skin.