The jumping cholla, a common sight in the southwestern United States and Mexico, has earned a reputation as a plant to approach with caution. Its distinctive appearance and unusual method of dispersal contribute to its notoriety among those who traverse its native desert habitats. This cactus is well-adapted to arid environments, yet it presents a unique challenge to unsuspecting hikers and wildlife.
The “Jumping” Illusion: Understanding Cholla’s Defense
Despite its common name, the jumping cholla does not actively “jump” or leap at passersby. The perception of it jumping stems from the remarkable ease with which its stem segments detach from the main plant upon the slightest contact. These segments, covered in formidable spines, are designed for efficient dispersal, acting as a reproductive strategy rather than an aggressive act. When a person or animal brushes against the plant, a segment readily breaks off and clings firmly to skin, clothing, or fur.
The effectiveness of this attachment lies in the unique structure of the cholla’s spines. These spines are equipped with microscopic, backward-facing barbs, similar to those found on a porcupine’s quill. These barbs allow the spine to penetrate skin or fabric with minimal force, yet they resist removal by catching on muscle fibers or clothing threads. Once embedded, the detached segment can be carried some distance from the parent plant, potentially rooting in a new location and establishing a new individual.
The primary species associated with this “jumping” behavior include Cylindropuntia fulgida, often called chain fruit cholla, and Cylindropuntia bigelovii, known as teddy bear cholla. Both species utilize this vegetative reproduction method to colonize new areas and ensure their survival in harsh desert conditions. The segments are so easily detached that even strong winds can dislodge them, leaving the ground around mature plants littered with fallen, still-viable pieces.
Identifying Jumping Cholla Species
Recognizing jumping cholla from a distance is a practical first step in avoiding unwanted encounters.
Cylindropuntia fulgida (Chain Fruit Cholla)
Cylindropuntia fulgida grows as a multi-branched shrub or small tree, up to 13 feet tall, with a woody trunk and drooping branches. Its stems are cylindrical, light green, and covered in small, wart-like tubercles. The dense covering of spines, encased in papery sheaths, gives the plant a fuzzy or silvery appearance.
The spines are silvery-yellow when young, darkening to gray. These numerous spines, with 6 to 12 per areole, effectively obscure the stem. In spring and summer, this species produces pink to magenta flowers at the tips of its segments or old fruits. A defining characteristic is its fruit, which forms long, hanging chains that can persist on the plant for several years.
Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Teddy Bear Cholla)
Another species, Cylindropuntia bigelovii, the teddy bear cholla, appears soft and fuzzy from afar, earning its misleading nickname. It is tree-like, growing 1 to 5 feet tall, with a distinct trunk and stubby branches. Its stems are densely covered with silvery-white spines, about 1 inch long. Yellow-green flowers emerge at stem tips in May and June, followed by tuberculate fruits that often contain few viable seeds.
Safety Measures and Spine Removal
Navigating areas with jumping cholla requires specific precautions. Wearing appropriate attire is essential, including thick, durable pants, closed-toe shoes or hiking boots, and gloves. Stay on marked trails and be aware of your surroundings, as detached segments can be found on the ground. Avoid direct contact with the plant, even a light brush.
Should contact occur and spines become embedded, prompt and careful removal is necessary. Never attempt to remove cholla segments or spines with bare hands, as this often results in more spines becoming embedded. Tools such as pliers, tweezers, or a comb are effective. For larger segments, a comb can be used to flick the piece away from the skin, while pliers or tweezers can pull out individual spines.
For smaller, harder-to-see barbs, apply duct tape or Elmer’s glue to the affected area, allow it to dry, then peel it off to help extract them. Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water after removal to prevent infection. Apply antibacterial ointment.
Seek medical attention if spines are deeply embedded, numerous, or if signs of infection develop. Symptoms such as increasing redness, pain, swelling, pus discharge, or fever indicate a potential infection. Numbness or tingling sensations in the affected area may also warrant medical evaluation. Ensure your tetanus vaccination is current.