A micro enema is a small, ready-to-use liquid solution administered rectally to relieve temporary constipation. It offers a gentle and fast-acting method to encourage a bowel movement.
Understanding Micro Enemas and Their Function
A micro enema contains a small volume of liquid, around 5 milliliters, designed to act locally within the rectum. Common active ingredients include sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, and sometimes sorbitol or glycerol. Sodium citrate functions as an osmotic laxative, drawing water from surrounding tissues into the stool to soften it.
Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate acts as a surfactant, reducing the surface tension of the stool. This allows water and other ingredients to penetrate and mix with the fecal matter more effectively, aiding in softening. Sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, also contributes to the osmotic effect by drawing additional water into the bowel. Glycerol, if present, helps lubricate the stool, making it easier to pass.
The combined effect of these ingredients softens hard stools and stimulates the bowel to contract, promoting evacuation, often within 5 to 15 minutes. These ingredients are not absorbed into the bloodstream; their action is localized to the rectum and they are excreted with the feces.
Administering a Micro Enema
Proper administration of a micro enema begins with hand washing. The individual can choose to lie on their left side with knees drawn towards the chest or sit on the toilet, whichever is more comfortable. Before insertion, twist off the nozzle cap and squeeze out a small drop of liquid to lubricate the tip.
Gently insert the nozzle fully into the rectum; for children under three years, only about half the nozzle length is recommended. Squeeze out the entire contents of the tube. While still squeezing, withdraw the nozzle to prevent the liquid from being drawn back. Hold the enema for 5 to 15 minutes to allow it to work, even if an urge to evacuate occurs sooner. Micro enemas can also be part of bowel preparation for medical procedures like X-rays, proctoscopy, or sigmoidoscopy.
Safety and Usage Guidelines
While considered safe for short-term relief, micro enemas require certain precautions. Mild side effects such as slight rectal burning, cramping, or abdominal discomfort may occur. Rarely, more widespread reactions like skin rash or allergic responses have been reported.
Micro enemas should not be used if you have inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, or if you experience severe abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. Prolonged or excessive use of laxatives, including micro enemas, is not recommended as it can lead to dependence and cause irritation of the rectal area or fluid loss. If constipation persists for several days, worsens, or if any concerning symptoms arise, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for guidance.