Storm classification levels serve as a way to communicate the potential severity and impact of various weather phenomena. These designations help meteorologists and emergency management officials convey the magnitude of an impending storm to the public, allowing for appropriate preparedness and response. A “Level 3 storm” is not a universal classification; its meaning varies significantly depending on the type of storm and the particular meteorological agency or scale being used. This reflects the unique characteristics and hazards each presents.
Understanding Storm Classification Systems
Different types of weather events possess unique characteristics, necessitating specialized scales for their assessment and communication. These classification systems help to accurately categorize storms based on specific criteria, such as wind speed, potential for damage, or accumulation of precipitation. For instance, hurricanes are categorized primarily by wind speed, while tornadoes are rated on the damage they cause. Winter storms, on the other hand, might be classified by the severity of their expected impacts, encompassing factors beyond just snow totals. The use of numerical levels or categories provides a standardized way to communicate the intensity and potential dangers of a storm, enabling a more informed public response.
Level 3 Hurricanes
When discussing hurricanes, a “Level 3” storm specifically refers to a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHS). This scale, used in the Atlantic Ocean and northern Pacific Ocean east of the International Date Line, classifies hurricanes based solely on their maximum sustained wind speeds. A Category 3 hurricane is considered a major hurricane, indicating its potential for significant loss of life and property damage.
Category 3 hurricanes have sustained winds ranging from 111 to 129 miles per hour (178 to 208 kilometers per hour). At this intensity, devastating damage is expected to occur. Well-built framed homes can incur major damage, including the removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees will be snapped or uprooted, potentially blocking numerous roads and isolating residential areas.
Power outages are widespread and prolonged, with electricity and water services potentially unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes. Coastal areas can experience significant flooding and storm surge, which is not directly measured by the Saffir-Simpson scale but is a severe hazard. Lower floors of structures near the shore can sustain major damage from battering by floating debris.
Level 3 Tornadoes
A “Level 3” tornado corresponds to an EF3 tornado on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale. This scale rates tornado intensity based on the damage it causes. The EF Scale was revised from the original Fujita Scale to align estimated wind speeds with observed damage.
An EF3 tornado has estimated wind speeds between 136 and 165 miles per hour (218 and 266 kilometers per hour). These tornadoes are considered “strong” and cause severe damage. Well-constructed houses may have roofs and walls torn from them.
Damage patterns include entire levels of homes blown off and first-floor walls toppling down. Large trees can be snapped or uprooted, and heavy objects like cars might be thrown. Even trains can be overturned by an EF3 tornado.
Level 3 Winter Storms
For winter storms, a “Level 3” designation often refers to a “Major” impact level on severity indices, such as those used by the National Weather Service (NWS). These indices assess impacts beyond just snowfall totals, considering factors like snow, ice, and wind. A major winter storm brings widespread disruptions to daily life.
Travel becomes difficult or impossible due to heavy snowfall, blowing snow, or ice accumulation. Roads may become impassable, and motorists can become trapped. Heavy snow and strong winds can severely reduce visibility, creating blizzard conditions.
Widespread power outages are common, as heavy snow or ice can cause tree branches and power lines to snap. These outages can last for days or weeks, leaving homes without utilities. Such a storm can impact a community for an extended period, leading to hazardous conditions.
Preparing for a Level 3 Event
Preparing for any Level 3 storm involves proactive steps to ensure safety and minimize disruption.
Emergency Kit
One fundamental action is assembling an emergency kit, which should include essential items like:
Water
Non-perishable food
A battery-powered or hand-crank radio
Flashlights with extra batteries
A first aid kit
Important documents, medications, and cash
Stay Informed and Plan
Staying informed through official channels, such as local news and NOAA Weather Radio, is important for receiving timely updates and warnings. If evacuation orders are issued by local authorities, following them promptly is paramount for personal safety. Identifying a shelter plan and practicing family drills can also be beneficial.
Secure Property
Securing property involves unplugging non-essential electrical appliances to prevent power surge damage and securing windows and exterior doors. Loose outdoor objects that could become projectiles in strong winds should be brought inside or tied down. Establish a family communication plan, including out-of-town contacts and a designated meeting place if family members are separated.