Lactobacillus crispatus is a bacterium abundant in the vaginal microbiome. It plays a significant role in maintaining a balanced internal environment and is recognized for its beneficial contributions to health. Understanding its functions clarifies its status as a protective organism, not a source of infection.
The Beneficial Role of Lactobacillus crispatus
Lactobacillus crispatus shapes the local microbial environment. Its primary function is producing lactic acid, which maintains an acidic pH (typically 3.8 to 4.5) in areas like the vagina. This acidic environment inhibits the growth of many harmful bacteria and yeasts.
This bacterium also produces antimicrobial substances, such as hydrogen peroxide, which suppress undesirable microorganisms. Lactobacillus crispatus competes with pathogens for nutrients and adhesion sites on host cells. By occupying these sites and consuming resources, it limits harmful microbes from establishing and multiplying, offering protection against various infections.
When Lactobacillus crispatus Levels Are Imbalanced
A true “infection” caused by Lactobacillus crispatus is rare, as it is a beneficial bacterium. Problems arise when its levels are reduced or its balance within the microbiome is disrupted. A decrease in this protective bacterium allows opportunistic pathogens to overgrow.
Low levels of Lactobacillus crispatus are associated with Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), where other bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis or Prevotella species proliferate. This imbalance can lead to symptoms like unusual discharge, odor, itching, or burning. Low levels also increase susceptibility to yeast infections (candidiasis) caused by Candida species overgrowth. An imbalanced vaginal microbiome may also increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and certain sexually transmitted infections. Factors contributing to these imbalances include antibiotic use, hormonal fluctuations, and douching.
Maintaining Healthy Lactobacillus crispatus Levels
Supporting healthy levels of Lactobacillus crispatus involves dietary and lifestyle considerations. Probiotic supplements containing Lactobacillus crispatus strains can help replenish and maintain its populations. Certain fermented foods, such as yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, also contain beneficial bacteria, though specific strains and their ability to colonize the vaginal microbiome can vary.
Avoiding practices that disrupt the natural balance of the microbiome is important. This includes refraining from using harsh soaps or cleansers in intimate areas and limiting douching, as these can strip away beneficial bacteria and alter the natural pH. Promoting overall vaginal and gut health through a balanced diet rich in fiber and limiting excessive sugar intake can also indirectly support a thriving Lactobacillus crispatus population.