Hangnails are common, often bothersome, torn pieces of skin near the fingernail that can cause discomfort. This article clarifies what hangnails are, explores their common origins, and provides advice on how to manage them effectively. It also outlines when professional medical attention becomes necessary.
Understanding Hangnails
A hangnail is a small, ragged piece of skin that has torn or separated from the surrounding skin, typically found at the side or base of a fingernail. It is a skin condition, not a piece of the nail itself, despite its name. These small skin tears can cause pain or irritation if snagged.
Hangnails often develop when the skin around the nails becomes dry and loses its natural oils. This dryness can result from frequent hand washing, exposure to harsh chemicals, or cold, dry weather conditions. Trauma to the fingers, such as nail biting or picking at the skin around the nails, can also create these tears. Improper nail care, including cutting nails too short or aggressive manicure techniques, also contributes to their formation.
Managing Hangnails
To manage a hangnail, begin by washing your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water. Soaking the affected finger in warm water for 10 to 15 minutes helps soften the skin, making the hangnail easier to manage. After soaking, gently clip the hangnail at its base using clean, sharp nail clippers or cuticle nippers, avoiding cutting into live skin. Never pull or tear a hangnail, as this can worsen the tear and increase the risk of infection.
After trimming, apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly to the area to protect it from bacteria and aid healing. Covering the area with a bandage can further protect it. Preventing future hangnails involves consistent moisturizing of hands and cuticles, particularly after washing and during dry seasons. Avoid biting nails or picking at cuticles, and wear gloves when performing household chores involving water or chemicals.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most hangnails can be managed at home, certain signs indicate professional medical attention is necessary. Watch for symptoms of infection, including increasing redness, swelling, warmth, or throbbing pain around the nail. The presence of pus or a pus-filled blister in the affected area also indicates infection.
If the hangnail does not improve after about a week of consistent home treatment, or if symptoms worsen, consult a healthcare provider. Medical attention is also recommended if the infection spreads to other parts of the finger or if the nail changes color or becomes weak. Individuals with diabetes or compromised immune systems should seek prompt medical advice for any signs of infection, as they may be at higher risk for complications.