The “Hadassah tree” refers to Myrtus communis, commonly known as the common myrtle. This evergreen shrub is celebrated for its beauty and deep roots in various cultural and historical traditions, serving as both an attractive landscape plant and a significant symbol.
Understanding the Hadassah Tree’s Identity
It is an evergreen shrub or small tree, growing to a height and width of 5 to 12 feet. Its leaves are a vibrant, glossy dark green, 1 to 2 inches long, and are strongly aromatic when crushed. The plant produces showy, fragrant white flowers, which feature numerous yellow-tipped stamens.
These star-shaped blooms appear from late spring to summer. Following the flowers, small, edible blue-black berries develop, maturing in autumn. The myrtle’s dense foliage and attractive bark contribute to its ornamental appeal, making it a versatile addition to many landscapes.
The Deep Significance of the Hadassah Tree
The term “Hadassah tree” draws its profound meaning from the Hebrew word hadas, which refers to the myrtle. This connection is prominent in Jewish tradition, where “Hadassah” was the Hebrew name of Queen Esther, a biblical figure. The myrtle holds a significant place in the Jewish holiday of Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles. During Sukkot, three myrtle branches, known as hadassim, are bound together with a date palm frond (lulav), willow branches (aravah), and a citron (etrog) to form the “Four Species” (arba’at haminim).
In Jewish thought, the myrtle, with its strong aroma but lack of fruit, symbolizes those who possess knowledge of the Torah but may not fully observe its commandments, forming a vital part of the community alongside the other species. The three leaves emerging from one point on the myrtle branch symbolize unity and the ability to withstand adversity. Beyond its religious context, the myrtle has historically represented love, peace, fertility, and innocence in various cultures, including ancient Greek and Roman mythologies. Its fragrant sprigs are also incorporated into wedding ceremonies, symbolizing new beginnings and enduring affection.
Cultivating Your Hadassah Tree
Common myrtle thrives in specific conditions that support its evergreen growth and aromatic qualities. This plant prefers full sun exposure, though it can tolerate light shade. It requires well-drained soil, adapting to various types including sandy, loamy, or clay soils, but performs best in moderately fertile, well-drained soil. Proper drainage is crucial to prevent root rot.
Watering should be regular for young plants, typically once or more per week, ensuring the root ball is consistently moist without becoming waterlogged. Established myrtle trees develop some drought tolerance and generally require deep watering every two to four weeks, or during dry spells. The common myrtle is hardy in USDA Zones 8-10, tolerating temperatures down to about 10 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately -12 degrees Celsius), but it is frost tender and benefits from shelter from cold, drying winds. Pruning is best done after the blooming period to shape the plant or maintain it as a hedge, and regular pinching of growing tips encourages dense growth. While generally low-maintenance, myrtle can be susceptible to issues like root rot in poorly drained conditions and pests such as scale, spider mites, and thrips, especially in hot, dry weather or when grown indoors in low light.
Common Uses and Considerations
The Hadassah tree, or common myrtle, offers diverse practical applications. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its dense foliage, attractive flowers, and berries, making it suitable for hedges, topiaries, or as a standalone specimen. Its tolerance for clipping allows it to be shaped into various forms, including formal hedges and bonsai.
The plant also has traditional culinary uses; its leaves can flavor cooked dishes as a substitute for bay leaves, and its berries are edible and can be used to flavor foods or produce liqueurs like Mirto. Historically, myrtle has been used in folk medicine for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, applied to respiratory issues, skin conditions, and digestive ailments. Essential oils extracted from the leaves and flowers are also utilized in perfumery and skincare products.