A frenectomy is a minor surgical procedure that releases a tight or restrictive frenum, a small fold of tissue connecting two parts of the mouth. This procedure improves oral function and alleviates issues caused by restricted movement of the tongue or lips.
Understanding the Frenum and Conditions Requiring Frenectomy
A frenum is a small band of connective tissue that stabilizes oral structures. In the mouth, two primary types of frenums are relevant to frenectomies: the lingual frenum and the labial frenum. The lingual frenum connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. The labial frenum connects the lip to the gum tissue, often noticeable between the upper front teeth.
When frenums are too short, thick, or tight, they can lead to conditions that interfere with normal oral functions. A common condition involving the lingual frenum is “tongue-tie” (ankyloglossia), where restricted tongue movement impacts various activities. For infants, this can cause breastfeeding difficulties, leading to poor latching and weight gain issues. In older children and adults, a tight lingual frenum may contribute to speech impediments and affect eating.
An overly prominent or tight labial frenum can result in a “lip-tie.” In infants, a lip-tie can hinder effective breastfeeding by restricting the lip’s ability to flare for a proper latch. For older individuals, a tight labial frenum might cause gum recession or create a gap between the front teeth. Addressing these restrictive frenums through a frenectomy can improve oral health and function.
The Frenectomy Procedure
A frenectomy is a quick, outpatient procedure, often completed in a dental office. The process begins with a local anesthetic to numb the area, ensuring patient comfort. For infants, anesthesia may sometimes be minimal or not essential.
Once the area is numb, the surgeon modifies or removes the frenum. Common methods include a scalpel or surgical scissors, which may require stitches. Another widely used technique is laser frenectomy, which utilizes a concentrated beam of light instead of a blade. Laser procedures often result in minimal bleeding and a reduced risk of infection because the laser seals blood vessels as it cuts.
The choice between a scalpel and laser often depends on factors like the patient’s age and the dental professional’s preference. The entire procedure is brief, often taking less than 15 to 30 minutes.
Recovery and Post-Procedure Care
Following a frenectomy, patients can expect mild discomfort, slight swelling, or minimal bleeding. A white or yellowish film may form over the treated area during the initial healing phase, which is normal and not a sign of infection. Healing time generally ranges from one to two weeks for laser procedures, and up to two to four weeks for traditional methods.
Pain management involves over-the-counter pain relievers, as directed by the dental professional. Maintaining oral hygiene is important; gentle brushing can resume the day after the procedure, avoiding the immediate surgical site for the first few days. Rinsing with warm salt water two to three times a day helps keep the area clean and promotes healing. For infants, many can resume feeding immediately after the procedure.
Specific exercises or stretches are recommended to prevent tissue reattachment and encourage proper healing and function. These exercises are important for the success of the procedure and should be performed consistently for several weeks, as instructed by the healthcare provider. Patients should contact their dental professional if they experience excessive bleeding, increased pain or swelling, or signs of infection.