Many people who have experienced a viral illness, such as COVID-19, report a sensation in their throat, often called a “COVID ball.” This feeling is typically a discomfort or fullness, rather than a physical obstruction. While unsettling, it is usually not a sign of a serious underlying problem.
What Is Globus Sensation?
The medical term for this feeling is “Globus Sensation” or “Globus Pharyngeus.” It describes the persistent sensation of a lump, tightness, or foreign body in the throat, despite no physical object present. It is often described as if a pill is stuck or there is a constant need to swallow. This sensation usually does not interfere with eating or drinking, and symptoms may temporarily improve during these activities. Globus sensation is painless and distinct from true difficulty or pain when swallowing.
Causes Linked to Viral Illness
Several factors can contribute to globus sensation following a viral illness like COVID-19. Direct inflammation of throat tissues is one potential cause. Viral infections can irritate and swell parts of the throat, such as the larynx or hypopharynx, leading to a feeling of tightness or a lump. This irritation can persist even after the acute infection has resolved.
Heightened stress and anxiety can also play a role. Anxiety can cause muscles in the throat, particularly the cricopharyngeal muscle, to tense. This muscle tension creates the physical sensation of a lump. Studies indicate a positive correlation between globus symptoms and anxiety, with symptoms often diminishing after the first month following a COVID-19 diagnosis.
Acid reflux, specifically laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can also be triggered or worsened by viral illnesses. In LPR, stomach acid travels up into the throat and voice box, irritating the sensitive lining. This irritation can lead to swelling and an altered perception of throat sensations, contributing to the feeling of a lump.
Management and When to See a Doctor
Managing globus sensation often involves simple home strategies. Staying well-hydrated by sipping at least 1.5 liters (3 pints) of water throughout the day helps keep throat tissues moist and relaxes throat muscles. Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or gentle neck and shoulder exercises, alleviates muscle tension in the throat. Avoiding frequent throat clearing is beneficial, as it can further irritate the throat; instead, sip water or yawn.
While globus sensation is not serious, certain “red flag” symptoms warrant a medical evaluation to rule out other conditions. Seek a doctor’s advice if you experience true difficulty swallowing, particularly with solids, or pain while swallowing. Other symptoms requiring investigation include unexplained weight loss, a palpable lump in the neck or throat, or persistent voice changes. These symptoms are distinct from globus sensation and require professional assessment.