A corneal injection is a medical procedure involving the direct administration of medication into or around the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. This targeted approach precisely delivers medication to treat various eye conditions, differing from eye drops or oral medications that may not reach the affected area as effectively. An ophthalmologist performs this treatment.
Understanding Corneal Injections
Corneal injections introduce medication directly into the cornea’s layers or adjacent tissues, such as the subconjunctival space beneath the conjunctiva. This direct delivery ensures a high drug concentration reaches the affected area, absorbing locally and potentially reducing systemic side effects.
These injections address various eye conditions. They are used for severe corneal infections, where antibiotics or antifungals combat pathogens. Inflammation of the cornea, known as keratitis, or other inflammatory eye conditions also benefit from corticosteroids delivered via injection to reduce swelling and discomfort. Corneal injections may also manage corneal neovascularization, the abnormal growth of new blood vessels on the cornea, or certain corneal dystrophies. The specific medication used depends on the underlying condition being treated, with the goal of halting disease progression, reducing symptoms, and preserving vision.
The Injection Procedure
Before a corneal injection, the eye is prepared for comfort and to minimize infection risk. Numbing drops or gel are applied to prevent pain. In some cases, a small injection of numbing medicine may also be given. An antiseptic solution is then applied to the eye and eyelids to reduce bacteria.
The procedure is performed in an outpatient clinic or doctor’s office. A small device called a speculum may be used to gently hold the eyelids open, preventing blinking and maintaining a sterile field. The ophthalmologist will ask the patient to look in a specific direction for precise injection into the targeted area.
A very fine needle administers the medication. Patients may feel some pressure, but sharp pain is not experienced due to the anesthetic. The entire injection process takes about 10 to 15 minutes.
What to Expect After a Corneal Injection
After a corneal injection, some mild sensations are common and usually resolve within a few hours to a day or two. Patients may experience slight eye irritation, a gritty feeling, or tearing. Blurred or hazy vision can also occur temporarily. A small red spot or area of blood on the white part of the eye at the injection site, known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, is also common and typically clears within one to two weeks.
Patients are usually advised to avoid rubbing the injected eye for at least a day to prevent irritation or damage. Specific post-procedure instructions often include refraining from swimming for about a week and avoiding washing hair or face directly for 24 to 48 hours to minimize water exposure. Prescribed eye drops, such as antibiotics or lubricants, should be used as directed. While complications are uncommon, patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience severe or worsening pain, significant decrease in vision, increased redness or discharge, or heightened sensitivity to light.