A compression bandage is a stretchable strip of cloth that applies consistent pressure to a body area. They provide external support, manage swelling, and aid healing.
Understanding Compression Bandages
Compression bandages apply external pressure to soft tissues. This pressure reduces fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces, reducing swelling. By compressing blood vessels and lymphatic channels, bandages facilitate fluid movement away from the affected area and back towards the heart.
The controlled pressure narrows veins, improving venous return. This also supports the muscle pump action, where contractions push fluids through vessels. External pressure limits fluid leakage from capillaries, reducing inflammation and improving oxygenation. Compression therapy often uses graduated pressure, strongest at the furthest point (e.g., ankle) and lessening upwards, to direct fluid back into circulation.
Common Uses
Compression bandages manage injuries and circulatory conditions. For acute injuries like sprains and strains, they reduce swelling, control minor bleeding, and provide stability. This is often part of the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) therapy protocol.
Post-surgery, compression bandages support the surgical site, minimize swelling and promote healing. They also manage chronic conditions like edema and lymphedema. Assisting fluid mobilization, compression alleviates discomfort and prevents further swelling.
It treats chronic venous insufficiency, promoting venous return and preventing leg ulcers. It also helps prevent deep vein thrombosis by improving blood flow and reducing clot risk.
Varieties and Application Principles
Compression bandages come in various forms. Elastic bandages (Ace wraps) are stretchable, allowing adjustable compression and conforming to body contours. Crepe bandages, with their woven, crinkled texture, provide moderate compression for joint support and minor injuries. Cohesive bandages are self-adhering, convenient for securing dressings and providing support.
Short-stretch bandages offer low resting pressure but high working pressure during muscle contraction, suitable for active individuals and severe edema. Long-stretch bandages provide continuous pressure, preferred for less mobile patients. Tubular bandages are cylindrical, sliding over limbs for uniform compression. Multi-layer systems involve several bandage layers for specific conditions like venous leg ulcers.
Proper application is important. Start wrapping from the point furthest from the body (e.g., toes) and move upwards. Apply with even pressure and a 50% overlap. Avoid overtightening; signs include numbness, tingling, discoloration (purplish/bluish hue), and coolness in the extremities. The bandage should feel snug but not restrict circulation.
Secure the end with clips or tape. For ankle wraps, maintain the ankle at a 90-degree angle during application. Padding may be used over bony prominences to prevent pressure. For acute injuries, use for a limited duration (24-48 hours), removing at least twice daily. Before application, a healthcare provider should assess for conditions like arterial disease that may contraindicate its use.