Cempasúchil, also known as the Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta), is a vibrant flower deeply embedded in Mexican traditions. This striking bloom typically displays bright orange and yellow hues, accompanied by a distinct, pungent aroma. It holds significant cultural importance in Mexico.
Understanding Cempasúchil
The cempasúchil, or Tagetes erecta, is also known as the Mexican, Aztec, or African marigold, despite its origins. This herbaceous annual plant is native to Mexico and Central America, particularly thriving in regions like Puebla, Hidalgo, Michoacán, and the State of Mexico. Its name, “cempasúchil,” comes from the Nahuatl word “cempohualxochitl,” meaning “twenty flowers” or “many petals,” referencing its abundant bloom structure.
Cempasúchil plants typically reach heights between 20 and 90 centimeters, featuring large, double-globular flowerheads 5 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The dense, ruffled petals radiate intense yellow and orange shades, and the foliage releases a strong scent when crushed. This species prefers full sun exposure for blooming but tolerates some afternoon shade, growing well in evenly moist, well-drained soil.
Cultural Significance and Traditions
The cempasúchil flower holds profound cultural significance, especially its connection to Día de Muertos, or Day of the Dead, a Mexican celebration honoring deceased loved ones. This tradition dates back thousands of years to pre-Hispanic Aztec rituals, where the flower was associated with the goddess Mictecacihuatl, the Lady of the Dead. Its vibrant color and strong fragrance are believed to guide spirits back to their families and altars on November 1st and 2nd.
In pre-Hispanic times, the Mexicas linked the cempasúchil’s yellow color to the sun, using it in offerings for their dead. The tradition involves creating paths with cempasúchil petals, often leading from the main road to altars or graves, to illuminate and direct souls. These altars, known as ofrendas, are adorned with cempasúchil flowers, photographs, food, and candles, symbolizing the union between life and death. The flower’s presence on altars and tombs helps spirits find their way home for the annual visit.
Additional Applications of the Flower
Beyond its cultural role, cempasúchil has various other uses, from traditional medicine to agriculture. It has been used in remedies for digestive issues like stomachaches, indigestion, and diarrhea. The flowers and leaves also address fevers, skin ailments such as rashes and sores, and intestinal parasites.
The strong pigments in cempasúchil petals make it a natural dye for textiles, producing shades of yellow and orange. The edible petals add a unique citrus-like flavor and vibrant color to soups, teas, and desserts.
Cempasúchil is also valued in agriculture for deterring certain pests. It is often planted as a companion crop, as its roots release compounds that inhibit plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil, benefiting crops like okra, tomatoes, potatoes, and chiles. The plant’s essential oils from its leaves and stems also exhibit antibacterial and antifungal properties.