Phragmipedium besseae is an orchid species valued for its striking, vibrant orange-red blooms. This plant, along with its relatives and hybrids, adds elegance to any collection. Its unique color and form have captivated orchid enthusiasts since its discovery. These “lady slipper” orchids are known for their pouch-like lower petals, which give them their common name.
Understanding “Besseae Aff”
The designation “aff.” in botanical names, short for affinis from Latin, indicates a plant “affiliated with” or “related to” a named species. “Besseae aff.” suggests the plant is very similar to Phragmipedium besseae but may not be identical, perhaps representing a natural variation, form, or related hybrid. This term is used when its precise botanical identity requires further study, or it denotes a cultivated form with slight distinctions.
The true Phragmipedium besseae was first discovered in Peru in 1981 by Elizabeth Besse, Harry Luther, and Joe Halton, with a second population later found in Ecuador. Its discovery was significant because its brightly fluorescent orange-red flowers were unlike anything previously known in the genus, which predominantly featured green, yellow, or brown blooms. This vibrant color made it highly desirable and revolutionized Phragmipedium hybridizing, leading to many popular new hybrids with intense coloration. These “aff.” forms often share many appealing characteristics of P. besseae, including its distinctive flower shape and color palette.
Care Guidelines for Phragmipedium besseae and Affiliates
Light Requirements
Phragmipedium besseae and its affiliates thrive in bright, indirect light. They prefer light levels between 1000 to 2000 foot-candles. Direct, intense sunlight should be avoided, as it can scorch their delicate leaves. An east-facing window is often ideal, providing gentle morning sun, while a south-facing window requires a sheer curtain to diffuse the light.
Insufficient light can lead to a lack of blooming, indicating the plant is not receiving enough energy to produce flowers. Conversely, if leaves appear bleached or yellowed, it suggests too much direct light. Observing leaf color helps determine appropriate light; a medium green color indicates optimal conditions. Supplemental LED lighting can be beneficial, with 11 hours in winter and 14-16 hours in summer recommended for indoor cultivation.
Watering and Humidity
Phragmipedium besseae are semi-terrestrial orchids that require consistent moisture around their roots, mimicking their natural habitat near streams. The potting medium should remain consistently moist but never waterlogged, which can lead to root issues. Many growers recommend placing the potted plant in a shallow tray containing approximately 0.5 to 1 inch of water, ensuring the roots remain hydrated.
Water quality is important for these orchids; they prefer water with low mineral content, such as rainwater, distilled water, or reverse osmosis water. During warmer periods, watering may be necessary two to three times a week, while in cooler conditions, once a week might suffice, adjusting based on the medium’s drying rate. High humidity levels are also beneficial, ideally ranging from 50% to 90%. This can be achieved through humidifiers or humidity trays, taking care that the pot does not sit directly in standing water to prevent rot.
Temperature Range
Phragmipedium besseae thrives in intermediate to warm conditions. During the day, temperatures between 70°F and 80°F (21°C to 27°C) are suitable. Nighttime temperatures should drop to between 55°F and 65°F (13°C to 18°C), providing a necessary diurnal temperature difference. This cooler night period is important for initiating blooming and intensifying flower color.
Maintaining stable conditions year-round is beneficial. Protecting plants from direct sun during very hot periods, especially above 95°F, helps prevent stress. Good air circulation is also helpful in managing temperatures and preventing issues in warmer conditions.
Potting Medium and Repotting
The ideal potting medium for Phragmipedium besseae must retain moisture while providing adequate drainage and aeration. Common recommendations include mixes based on fine fir bark, sphagnum moss, perlite, charcoal, or rockwool. Plastic pots are preferred as they help retain moisture more effectively than terracotta.
Repotting is recommended every one to two years, ideally in spring or fall when temperatures are mild. This frequency is important because constant moisture can cause organic potting media to break down quickly. When repotting, minimize disturbance to the root system, carefully removing old, degraded media and any dead roots. Position the plant so the newest growth is at or slightly below the surface of the fresh medium, allowing space for future growth.
Fertilization
Phragmipedium besseae are relatively heavy feeders due to their continuous growth habit. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer, such as a 20-20-20 formulation, is advised. Fertilization should be done at a diluted rate, for example, at half strength or between 150-200 parts per million (ppm).
The frequency of application can range from every two to three weeks or every other watering. It is important to flush the pot thoroughly with clear water between fertilizer applications to prevent the buildup of mineral salts. Less fertilizer should be applied during the winter months when plant growth naturally slows.
Troubleshooting Common Growing Challenges
Phragmipedium besseae and its relatives can encounter specific challenges often related to their high moisture and water quality requirements. Leaf tip burn, appearing as browning at the leaf ends, is a common issue, frequently resulting from high mineral salt buildup from hard water or over-fertilization. This can be mitigated by using purified water and regularly flushing the potting medium.
If a plant fails to bloom, adjusting light exposure or ensuring cooler evening temperatures can encourage flower production. Root rot, characterized by soft, decaying roots, typically stems from a breakdown of the potting medium or stagnant conditions. Ensuring a fresh, well-draining mix and proper air movement around the roots helps prevent this condition.
Pests like mealybugs can sometimes infest Phragmipedium orchids, often hiding in leaf axils. A solution of rubbing alcohol, water, and a few drops of dish soap can control them. Spider mites may also appear, particularly in low-humidity environments, and can be addressed by increasing humidity and using appropriate treatments. Maintaining good air circulation around the plant is a preventative measure against both pests and fungal diseases.
Propagation and Ensuring Long-Term Health
For home growers, the most common method for propagating Phragmipedium besseae and its affiliates is by division. This involves separating mature plants into smaller units. Division is performed when the plant has developed several growths, allowing each new section to have at least two to three healthy growths and an established root system.
To divide, carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently untangle the root ball. Identify natural divisions that can be separated with minimal stress. Once divided, each new section should be potted into fresh, appropriate potting medium, ensuring the newest growth is positioned at or slightly below the surface. Repotting after division also offers an opportunity to refresh the potting mix, benefiting overall plant health.
Ensuring the long-term health of these orchids involves consistent observation and adapting care practices. Regularly inspecting the plant for signs of stress, pests, or disease allows for early intervention. Seasonal adjustments to watering and light, such as increasing water frequency during warm, active growth periods and reducing it slightly in cooler, less active times, support sustained vigor. Providing consistent air movement around the foliage helps prevent fungal issues and promotes robust growth, allowing these distinctive orchids to thrive for many years.