Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, commonly emerge in late adolescence or early twenties, and their eruption or removal can often lead to swelling. This swelling is a natural bodily response, as the body directs blood and immune cells to the affected area to initiate healing or combat infection. When a wisdom tooth is impacted or partially emerges, a flap of gum tissue, called an operculum, can cover part of the tooth, creating a space where food particles and bacteria can become trapped, leading to inflammation and swelling, a condition known as pericoronitis. Swelling may also occur due to irritation from the tooth pushing against existing teeth or if there isn’t enough space in the mouth for proper eruption.
Home-Based Approaches to Swelling Reduction
Applying a cold compress to the outside of the cheek helps reduce swelling and numb discomfort, particularly within the first 24 to 48 hours after wisdom tooth extraction. An ice pack or a bag of frozen peas wrapped in a thin cloth can be held on the swollen area for 15 to 20 minutes, with breaks of at least 20 minutes between applications. After the initial 24 to 48 hours, switching to a warm compress can be beneficial, as heat helps increase circulation and encourages the swelling to drain. A warm, moist cloth or heating pad can be applied gently to the swollen area for 15 to 20 minutes, two to three times per day.
Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water helps reduce inflammation and keep the area clean, particularly after the first 24 hours post-extraction to avoid dislodging blood clots. To prepare this rinse, mix half a teaspoon of salt into 8 ounces of warm water and gently swish the solution for 30 seconds before spitting it out. Repeat two to three times daily.
Elevating the head, especially while resting or sleeping, minimizes blood flow to the surgical site, reducing swelling and discomfort. Using extra pillows can facilitate this. Consuming soft, cool foods like yogurt, ice cream, or mashed potatoes on the day of removal helps, as cold causes vasoconstriction, reducing bleeding. Avoiding strenuous activities and refraining from using straws is important, as suction can dislodge blood clots and hinder healing.
Medications for Managing Swelling
Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs effectively manage wisdom teeth swelling and associated pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (e.g., Motrin, Advil) or naproxen (e.g., Aleve) are often recommended as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate dental pain and inflammation. These medications inhibit enzymes involved in the body’s inflammatory response. Acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) also provides pain relief, though some research suggests it may not be as effective as ibuprofen for dental pain.
For more severe pain or swelling, a dentist might prescribe stronger medications, such as prescription-strength NSAIDs or acetaminophen. In certain instances, corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone or prednisolone, may be prescribed, particularly for impacted wisdom teeth or complex surgical extractions. These steroids significantly lessen swelling and jaw stiffness during post-surgery recovery, though their effect on pain might be minimal. Follow a dentist’s instructions regarding dosage and duration for all prescription medications.
Recognizing When to Consult a Dentist
While some swelling and discomfort are expected, certain signs indicate the need for professional dental evaluation. Persistent or worsening swelling, especially if it increases rapidly or spreads beyond the jaw to the face or neck, warrants immediate attention. Swelling accompanied by warmth or redness near the site can signal an inflammatory response to bacteria.
Severe pain not relieved by over-the-counter medications or that intensifies over time is a significant warning sign. Other concerning symptoms include difficulty swallowing or breathing, fever or chills, or the presence of pus or a foul taste. These symptoms can indicate a spreading infection, which, if untreated, can lead to serious complications. If any of these indicators are present, contact a dentist promptly.