Hemorrhoids are common for new mothers, causing discomfort and pain. These swollen veins in the rectum or around the anus often develop due to increased pressure during pregnancy or straining during childbirth. While frequent postpartum, effective strategies can alleviate symptoms and promote healing. Most improve on their own within six to twelve weeks.
Immediate Comfort Measures
For immediate relief, non-medicinal approaches offer comfort. Soaking the affected area in warm water, often using a sitz bath, relaxes muscles, increases blood flow, and reduces pain and swelling. These baths can be taken in a bathtub or with a specialized basin for 10 to 20 minutes, two to three times daily. Applying cold compresses or ice packs for 20 to 30 minutes, several times daily, also reduces swelling and discomfort.
Witch hazel pads soothe irritation and reduce swelling, containing natural astringents that tighten tissues and provide cooling. Apply them after each bowel movement or as needed; chilling them can offer extra relief. Maintain proper hygiene by gently cleaning the anal area with warm water or unscented wipes after bowel movements and patting dry. Avoiding prolonged sitting or standing reduces pressure; lying down during activities like nursing can provide relief.
Topical Treatments
Over-the-counter topical treatments address postpartum hemorrhoid symptoms. Creams and ointments often contain hydrocortisone, lidocaine, or phenylephrine. Hydrocortisone reduces inflammation and itching. Lidocaine numbs the area for pain relief. Phenylephrine temporarily shrinks swollen tissue.
Apply these products externally, often multiple times daily, including after bowel movements. Suppositories deliver medication directly to internal hemorrhoids. Most topical treatments, including lidocaine and hydrocortisone, are generally safe while breastfeeding due to minimal bloodstream absorption. However, consult a healthcare provider before using any new treatments, especially if breastfeeding.
Dietary and Lifestyle Adjustments
Dietary and lifestyle adjustments help manage and prevent worsening postpartum hemorrhoids. Increase fiber intake to soften stools and reduce straining; fiber-rich foods include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. If needed, fiber supplements can be considered, but discuss with a healthcare provider, especially if breastfeeding.
Adequate hydration is also important; drink plenty of water to prevent constipation. New mothers, particularly those breastfeeding, may need increased fluid intake. Avoid straining during bowel movements by not delaying bathroom trips and using proper posture, like elevating feet on a stool. Regular, gentle physical activity, such as walking (once cleared by a doctor), promotes regular bowel movements and improves circulation.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
While many postpartum hemorrhoids resolve with home care, consult a healthcare provider in specific situations. Seek medical evaluation for persistent or worsening pain, even after home remedies. Significant rectal bleeding, especially if heavy, prolonged, or bright/dark, also warrants a doctor’s visit.
Signs of infection, such as fever, pus, or severe anal swelling, require immediate medical attention. If a prolapsed hemorrhoid cannot be gently pushed back inside, professional guidance is necessary. Seek medical advice if self-care measures haven’t improved symptoms after about a week, or for any new or unusual anal symptoms, to rule out other conditions.