“Stomach pumping” is a term for the medical procedure known as gastric lavage. It involves flushing out stomach contents and is performed in emergency medical settings.
Understanding Stomach Pumping
Gastric lavage is a gastrointestinal decontamination technique designed to remove toxic substances from the stomach. This procedure is primarily considered in acute poisoning or overdose situations. The aim is to prevent further absorption of the ingested substance into the bloodstream, which can be life-threatening. It is reserved for specific cases where the benefits outweigh the risks, such as when a patient has ingested a large amount of a highly toxic substance, especially if it’s within about an hour of ingestion.
The procedure is not recommended if the substance ingested is corrosive, like strong acids or alkalis, or hydrocarbons, due to the risk of further injury or aspiration. It is also avoided if the patient’s airway is not protected, for example, if they have a decreased level of consciousness. In such instances, securing the airway, often through intubation, would be a necessary precursor to the procedure.
The Stomach Pumping Procedure
Before starting gastric lavage, medical professionals assess the patient’s overall condition and secure their airway if necessary. The patient is positioned on their left side with their head slightly lowered, which helps reduce the risk of fluid entering the lungs. A large-bore tube is lubricated and inserted through the mouth and guided down the esophagus into the stomach.
Confirmation of the tube’s correct placement is important and is done by aspirating some stomach contents or listening for air sounds with a stethoscope over the stomach area. Once the tube is confirmed to be in the stomach, small volumes of fluid are introduced into the stomach. This fluid is then drained or aspirated back out. This process of instilling and aspirating fluid is repeated multiple times until the fluid returning from the stomach appears clear, indicating that a significant portion of the stomach contents has been removed. After the lavage is complete, activated charcoal may be administered through the same tube to help absorb any remaining toxins.
After the Stomach Pumping Procedure
Following gastric lavage, patients are closely monitored for any potential complications or adverse reactions. Healthcare providers observe vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. Patients may experience some immediate discomfort, such as a sore throat or mild nausea, due to the tube’s insertion and the flushing process.
Potential complications include aspiration pneumonia if stomach contents enter the lungs, or mechanical injury to the esophagus or stomach from the tube. Electrolyte imbalances or changes in body temperature can also occur. The ongoing medical care after the procedure is then tailored to address the specific substance ingested and the patient’s overall clinical needs.