Flying with an ear infection can make air travel very uncomfortable. Changes in cabin pressure during takeoff and landing can interfere with the body’s natural ability to equalize pressure in the ears, leading to pain and, in some cases, damage to the eardrum. Understanding how air pressure affects the ears clarifies why an ear infection complicates air travel.
How Air Pressure Affects Ears
The middle ear, located behind the eardrum, is an air-filled space connected to the back of the throat by a narrow passage called the Eustachian tube. This tube maintains equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum by allowing air to enter or leave. During flight, particularly during ascent and descent, cabin pressure changes rapidly, and the Eustachian tube may not react quickly enough to equalize the pressure.
An ear infection can cause inflammation and swelling in the Eustachian tube, making it harder for it to open and regulate air pressure. When the tube is blocked, air pressure can build up behind the eardrum, leading to what is often called “airplane ear” or ear barotrauma. This imbalance causes discomfort and prevents the eardrum from moving normally.
What You Will Feel During Flight
When flying with an ear infection, individuals may experience a range of sensations. Intense pressure or fullness in the affected ear is common. This often accompanies muffled hearing, as if the ear is clogged.
Pain can range from mild discomfort to severe, sharp pain, particularly during takeoff and landing as pressure changes are most pronounced. Some people might also report a popping or cracking sound in their ears, which indicates the Eustachian tube attempting to equalize pressure.
Serious Risks to Your Ears
Flying with an ear infection carries complications due to pressure imbalance. A primary risk is ear barotrauma, which can lead to a ruptured or perforated eardrum. This occurs when the eardrum tears due to extreme pressure differences.
A ruptured eardrum can cause sharp pain, fluid drainage, or blood from the ear, and sometimes temporary hearing loss or tinnitus. While most small ruptures heal within days to weeks, more severe tears can take months. Inflammation and fluid buildup from an ear infection can also worsen due to pressure changes, potentially prolonging recovery or intensifying symptoms.
Tips for Safer Flying
If flying with an ear infection is unavoidable, strategies can help minimize discomfort and risks. Taking a decongestant nasal spray or oral decongestant 30 minutes to an hour before takeoff and landing can help open the Eustachian tubes. Antihistamines may also help reduce mucus production.
During ascent and descent, actively swallowing, chewing gum, or yawning can encourage the Eustachian tubes to open and equalize pressure. The Valsalva maneuver, performed by gently blowing air out while pinching your nostrils closed and keeping your mouth shut, can also help. Consult a healthcare professional before using any medications or if you have concerns.
When It’s Safe to Fly Again
Allowing an ear infection to fully resolve before flying is recommended to avoid complications and discomfort. Most ear infections take three to five days to heal, but some can persist longer. If antibiotics are prescribed, symptoms might clear within 10 to 14 days.
Consult a healthcare professional to determine if the infection has cleared and when it is safe to travel by air. They can assess the infection’s severity and provide personalized guidance, especially if there was a bulging eardrum or if the individual is a child.