Naltrexone is a medication prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Its primary function involves reducing cravings and blocking the pleasurable effects typically associated with alcohol consumption or opioid use. Many wonder about consuming alcohol while taking this medication.
How Naltrexone Interacts with Alcohol
Naltrexone, available under brand names such as Vivitrol, ReVia, and Depade, functions as an opioid receptor antagonist. It works by binding to and blocking opioid receptors in the brain, particularly mu-opioid receptors. This interferes with the brain’s reward pathways, reducing the euphoric “high” or pleasurable feelings alcohol normally produces. Alcohol stimulates endorphin release, which contributes to these rewarding effects. Naltrexone blocks these endorphins from binding, diminishing the sense of reward from drinking.
While naltrexone blocks the pleasurable aspects of alcohol, it does not prevent the intoxicating effects. An individual taking naltrexone can still experience impaired judgment, reduced motor skills, and coordination problems if they consume alcohol. The medication also does not stop alcohol from entering the bloodstream or affecting other organs in the body. Therefore, while the “buzz” may be absent, the physical and cognitive impairment associated with drinking remains.
Why Drinking While on Naltrexone is Risky
Consuming alcohol while taking naltrexone carries several risks. While naltrexone blocks alcohol’s pleasurable effects, it does not prevent intoxication. Individuals can still experience impaired judgment, slowed reaction times, and poor decision-making, increasing the likelihood of accidents, injuries, or engaging in risky behaviors.
Another concern is the paradoxical effect of increased alcohol consumption. Because naltrexone diminishes the reward associated with drinking, some individuals might attempt to drink more alcohol in an effort to achieve the desired euphoric feeling they no longer experience. This can lead to a higher blood alcohol content than intended, escalating the risks of alcohol poisoning or other severe health consequences.
The combination of alcohol and naltrexone can also pose a strain on liver health. Both substances are processed by the liver, and their combined use may increase the risk of liver damage, especially with chronic consumption or if there are pre-existing liver conditions. Although naltrexone at recommended doses has a low risk of hepatotoxicity, it is contraindicated in cases of acute hepatitis or liver failure, and its use in patients with liver disease requires careful consideration.
Drinking alcohol while on naltrexone can also undermine the overall goal of alcohol use disorder treatment. Naltrexone is a tool designed to support recovery by reducing cravings and the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Continued alcohol consumption interferes with this process, potentially prolonging the recovery journey or leading to relapse into problematic drinking patterns. The medication is most effective when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan aimed at reducing or eliminating alcohol use.
Guidance and Medical Advice
Following a healthcare provider’s instructions for naltrexone use is important for individuals managing alcohol use disorder. This includes adhering to the prescribed dosage and schedule to maximize the medication’s effectiveness. Naltrexone works best when consistently taken as directed, often alongside other therapeutic interventions.
Open communication with a doctor about any alcohol consumption while on naltrexone is also necessary. Transparency allows healthcare providers to adjust the treatment plan as needed and address any emerging concerns or side effects. Patients should promptly contact their doctor if they experience unexpected side effects or if they continue to drink alcohol despite being on the medication.
It is important to remember that naltrexone is not a standalone cure for alcohol use disorder. It serves as one component within a broader treatment strategy that often includes counseling, therapy, and participation in support groups. This comprehensive approach helps individuals develop coping mechanisms and address the underlying factors contributing to alcohol use.