Centipedes are common arthropods characterized by their elongated, multi-segmented bodies and numerous legs. A centipede bite, though painful, is generally not life-threatening for most individuals. These creatures are not aggressive towards humans and typically only bite when provoked or accidentally encountered, such as being stepped on or handled.
Immediate Symptoms and Sensations
A centipede bite typically leaves two V-shaped puncture marks from their venom-injecting appendages. Bites cause sharp, burning pain at the site. Redness and swelling often accompany this pain, varying with the centipede’s size and venom amount.
Other sensations may develop. These include persistent itching, burning, numbness, tingling, or tenderness. Larger centipedes cause more intense pain, lasting hours to days. Less common, lymph node swelling may also occur.
First Aid and Medical Guidance
First aid manages symptoms and prevents complications. Wash the affected area with soap and water to clean the wound and reduce infection risk. Apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in cloth to reduce swelling and numb pain. Apply for 10 minutes, remove for 10, repeating until symptoms subside.
Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can manage pain and inflammation. Antihistamines may reduce itching and swelling. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, if infection signs appear (increased redness, pus, fever), or if pain is severe and unresponsive to home treatment. Immediate medical evaluation is also recommended for children, immunocompromised individuals, or anyone with severe allergic reactions (difficulty breathing, widespread rash, facial swelling, heart palpitations).
Understanding the Centipede’s Venom
Centipedes inject venom through pincer-like forcipules (modified front legs near their head). Forcipules pierce the skin, delivering venom from internal glands. Venom is a complex mixture of enzymes, histamines, serotonin, and peptides.
These components cause the observed symptoms. Peptide toxins target ion channels, controlling nerve signals, causing pain and paralysis in prey. Histamines contribute to localized inflammation, redness, and swelling at the bite site. Venom composition and potency vary by species, influencing reaction severity.
Preventing Centipede Bites
Preventing centipede bites involves understanding their habits and making your environment less appealing. Nocturnal, centipedes prefer dark, damp places like basements, crawl spaces, and bathrooms. They seek sheltered spots, including cluttered areas, under rocks, or in firewood piles.
Seal cracks and crevices in your home’s foundation, around windows, and under doors to block entry. Reducing indoor and outdoor clutter eliminates hiding spots. Address moisture sources like leaky pipes or damp basements, as centipedes are attracted to humidity. Shake out shoes, clothing, or towels stored on the floor to prevent accidental bites, as centipedes may hide inside.