Naltrexone, known by brand names such as Vivitrol, ReVia, and Depade, is a medication primarily used to treat alcohol and opioid use disorders. This medication aims to support individuals in their recovery journey by addressing specific neurological pathways. Understanding how naltrexone interacts with the body, especially when alcohol is consumed, is important for those considering or currently using this treatment. This article explores the effects of drinking alcohol while on naltrexone, the potential risks, and its role within a broader treatment strategy.
How Naltrexone Influences Alcohol Effects
Naltrexone functions by blocking specific opioid receptors in the brain, primarily the mu-opioid receptors. These receptors are involved in the brain’s reward system, which activates when endorphins are released. Alcohol triggers endorphin release, contributing to the pleasurable feelings associated with drinking. By binding to these receptors, naltrexone prevents alcohol’s endorphin-induced “feel-good” effects, reducing the rewarding sensation of alcohol consumption.
While naltrexone diminishes the pleasurable “buzz” or euphoric feelings from alcohol, it does not prevent intoxication or the physical effects. Individuals taking naltrexone can still experience impaired coordination, slowed thinking, slurred speech, and reduced response time if they drink. The medication does not reduce the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream or protect against its physical harm.
Understanding the Dangers
Drinking alcohol while taking naltrexone does not typically cause a direct dangerous physical reaction, unlike other medications such as disulfiram (Antabuse), which can induce severe illness. However, there are inherent risks and negative consequences. A primary danger is the potential for increased alcohol consumption. With blunted pleasurable effects, some individuals might drink more to achieve a desired “buzz,” unknowingly raising their blood alcohol content to dangerous levels.
This compensatory drinking can elevate the risk of alcohol poisoning, as the body still processes the alcohol despite the lack of perceived pleasure. Continued alcohol intake also exposes the body to physical harm, including strain on the liver, which is responsible for processing both alcohol and naltrexone. While naltrexone can, in rare cases, cause liver injury, combining it with alcohol adds further stress. Additionally, physical impairments from alcohol, such as poor judgment and reduced motor skills, persist, increasing the likelihood of accidents or injuries.
Guidance for Naltrexone Users
Individuals prescribed naltrexone should adhere to their prescribed dosage and communicate openly with their healthcare providers regarding any alcohol consumption. While physically possible to drink alcohol on naltrexone, it generally defeats the medication’s purpose of supporting reduced drinking or abstinence. Naltrexone is a tool to aid recovery, not a license to drink without consequence.
If alcohol is consumed while on naltrexone, monitoring for signs of alcohol poisoning or severe adverse reactions is important. Symptoms such as confusion, vomiting, slow breathing, or loss of consciousness warrant immediate medical attention. Ongoing dialogue with a healthcare professional can help manage expectations, adjust treatment plans, and address challenges during recovery.
Naltrexone in a Treatment Plan
Naltrexone is most effective when integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan for alcohol use disorder. This typically involves combining the medication with counseling, behavioral therapies, and participation in support groups. Naltrexone helps manage cravings and reduces alcohol’s rewarding effects, which can significantly aid individuals in their efforts to reduce drinking or maintain abstinence.
The medication is not a standalone “cure” but a supportive component. It helps by breaking the learned connection between alcohol consumption and pleasure, making drinking less appealing over time. This allows individuals to focus more effectively on the psychological and social aspects of recovery, such as developing coping mechanisms and addressing underlying issues contributing to alcohol use.