The week leading up to a baby’s estimated due date is a period of anticipation and final preparations. While a due date provides a general guide, only about 5% of babies are born precisely on their due date, with many arriving within two weeks before or after. During this time, both the expectant parent’s body and the baby undergo significant adjustments, as physiological processes align for birth.
Your Body’s Preparations
As the due date approaches, the body prepares for childbirth. “Lightening” occurs when the baby descends deeper into the pelvis, or engagement. This can ease breathing by reducing diaphragm pressure but increases bladder and pelvic pressure, leading to frequent urination and a feeling of heaviness.
The uterus also begins to “practice” for labor through Braxton Hicks contractions, or “false labor” pains. These are irregular, vary in intensity, and do not increase in frequency or duration. They feel like abdominal tightening or cramping and may subside with activity changes. These practice contractions tone the uterine muscles, but they do not cause cervical dilation.
The cervix softens, thins (effacement), and may begin to open (dilate). Effacement is measured in percentages (100% thinned), and dilation in centimeters (10 cm for birth). These changes can start weeks before active labor. Increased vaginal discharge is also common, sometimes appearing as a thick mucus, as the body lubricates the birth canal.
Some individuals experience a “nesting instinct,” a strong urge to clean, organize, or prepare the home. While productive, avoid overexertion and conserve energy for labor.
Recognizing Labor Signs
Distinguishing body preparations from actual labor is a common concern. True labor contractions differ from Braxton Hicks in pattern and intensity. They occur at regular intervals, becoming stronger, longer, and closer together, and do not ease with movement. A common guideline suggests contractions five minutes apart, lasting one minute each, for an hour.
“Water breaking,” or rupture of membranes, is another definitive sign. This can be a sudden gush or a slow trickle. Note the fluid’s color, amount, and odor; clear and odorless is typical, while green, brown, or foul-smelling fluid may indicate complications. Contact a healthcare provider immediately upon rupture of membranes, due to increased infection risk.
The “bloody show” indicates labor may be approaching, though not always immediately. This is a discharge of mucus, often tinged with pink or brownish blood, as the cervix softens, thins, and dilates. The mucus plug, which sealed the cervix, may be released, sometimes with a small amount of blood. While it signifies cervical changes, labor could still be hours or days away.
Understanding Fetal Activity
Monitoring the baby’s movements remains important in the final week. As the baby grows, movements may change from strong kicks to wiggles, stretches, or rolls due to less space. However, the frequency and overall pattern of movement should not decrease.
Healthcare providers recommend “kick counts.” While specific guidelines can vary, a common recommendation is to feel at least 10 movements within a two-hour period. Familiarity with the baby’s individual pattern is more important than a specific number. Contact a healthcare provider promptly if there is a notable decrease or significant change in activity.
Decreased movement can indicate stress, making timely medical evaluation important. The baby will have sleep cycles, typically lasting between 20 and 40 minutes, during which movements will naturally be less frequent. Any sustained or concerning reduction in movement should be discussed with a medical professional.
Getting Ready for Arrival
As the due date nears, practical preparations can alleviate anxiety and ensure a smoother transition into parenthood. Pack a hospital bag several weeks beforehand. Include essentials for the birthing person (clothing, toiletries, medications) and items for the baby and partner.
Review your birth plan to confirm preferences for labor and delivery, understanding flexibility is important. Finalize logistical arrangements like childcare or pet care to reduce last-minute stress.
Adequate rest is important to conserve energy for labor and newborn demands. Manage anxiety through relaxation techniques like deep breathing or gentle massage. Maintain open communication with healthcare providers for any questions or concerns.