The human face is composed of numerous bones that provide support, protect sensory organs, and form the framework for facial expressions. One specific bone plays a prominent role in forming the recognizable structure known as the cheekbone.
The Zygomatic Bone
The facial bone that forms the prominent structure of the cheek is called the zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone or malar bone. It is a paired, irregular bone, with one on each side of the face. The zygomatic bone is situated in the upper and lateral part of the face, located just below and extending upward to the outer side of each eye. Its overall shape is often described as rectangular or diamond-shaped.
Anatomy and Function
The zygomatic bone features several distinct projections, known as processes, which allow it to connect with other bones of the skull. These include the frontal process, the temporal process, and the maxillary process. The frontal process extends upwards to articulate with the frontal bone. The temporal process projects backward, meeting the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch. The maxillary process extends medially and inferiorly, forming part of the orbit’s floor and articulating with the maxilla.
These articulations are important for the zygomatic bone’s functions, which include protecting the eye and providing attachment points for muscles. The zygomatic bone contributes to the formation of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, which is the bony socket that houses the eyeball, thus offering protection to the eye. It also serves as an origin point for muscles involved in chewing, such as the masseter muscle. The masseter, a muscle of mastication, originates from the zygomatic arch and inserts into the lower jaw, facilitating the closing of the mouth during chewing.
Structural Significance
Beyond its individual functions, the zygomatic bone is important to the overall structural integrity and aesthetics of the face. It helps define facial contour and contributes to facial width and projection. A well-defined zygomatic bone is often associated with facial harmony and is an important factor in facial aesthetics. The bone’s strength helps form a “buttress” within the facial skeleton.
This structural arrangement aids in absorbing and distributing forces that impact the face, helping to protect underlying structures. The zygomatic arch, in particular, plays a role in dissipating traumatic forces. The bone’s strong connections with the frontal, temporal, and maxillary bones contribute to its ability to maintain facial symmetry and provide a stable framework for facial tissues and muscles. Fractures of the zygomatic bone are common facial injuries due to its exposed position, and its repair is important for restoring both appearance and function.