Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is a particle produced by the liver that transports fats, also known as lipids, through the bloodstream. VLDL delivers these lipids to various body tissues where they are needed.
VLDL’s Primary Function
VLDL particles are composed primarily of triglycerides, a type of fat, along with cholesterol, fatty acids, and proteins. VLDL’s main job is to transport triglycerides from the liver to cells and tissues throughout the body. These triglycerides serve as an energy source or can be stored.
Fats cannot travel independently in the blood. Lipoproteins like VLDL act as carriers, enabling these fats to circulate and reach the parts of the body that require them. Without VLDL, the efficient distribution of these energy-rich molecules from the liver would not be possible.
The Journey of VLDL
Once VLDL particles are secreted from the liver, they begin their journey through the bloodstream. As VLDL circulates, it interacts with lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme found in tissues like muscle and fat. This enzyme breaks down triglycerides within the VLDL particle, releasing fatty acids for cells to use for energy or storage.
As VLDL loses its triglyceride content, it becomes smaller and denser. This transformation first converts VLDL into intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). Most IDL particles are then further modified and converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is rich in cholesterol.
Understanding Your VLDL Levels
High VLDL levels are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Excess VLDL contributes to plaque buildup in artery walls, a process known as atherosclerosis, which narrows arteries and restricts blood flow.
VLDL levels are not typically measured directly in a standard lipid panel. Healthcare providers estimate VLDL from triglyceride levels, often by dividing the triglyceride value by five. A normal VLDL level is generally considered to be below 30 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL); levels at or above 30 mg/dL are considered elevated.
Managing VLDL Levels
Managing VLDL levels often involves lifestyle changes. Dietary modifications, such as reducing refined carbohydrates, sugars, and saturated fats, can significantly impact VLDL. Increasing dietary fiber and incorporating healthy fats, like those in olive oil and avocados, can be beneficial.
Regular physical activity is an effective strategy for influencing VLDL levels. Engaging in consistent exercise can help improve the body’s lipid metabolism and may reduce VLDL production. Maintaining a healthy weight through balanced diet and exercise can also contribute to lower VLDL levels. Limiting alcohol intake is also advisable, as excessive consumption can increase triglyceride and VLDL concentrations.