Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) is a dietary supplement derived from the mycelia of certain mushrooms, including a hybrid of Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushrooms). AHCC is known for its immune-modulating properties and has been the subject of research exploring its potential health benefits.
Understanding AHCC
AHCC originates from the mycelia of various mushrooms, with shiitake mushrooms being a primary source. Its production involves a unique liquid fermentation of these mushroom mycelia with rice bran. This proprietary process yields a mixture of nutrients, including oligosaccharides, amino acids, and minerals, with alpha-glucans forming a significant portion.
The main mechanism of action for AHCC involves modulating the immune system. It supports immune function by enhancing the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, which are lymphocytes providing a first line of defense against infections and abnormal cells. AHCC also influences macrophage activity and cytokine production, signaling proteins that regulate immune responses.
AHCC and Breast Cancer Research
Scientific research into AHCC and breast cancer has primarily involved in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (animal) studies. Some in vitro studies suggest AHCC may suppress tumor cell growth, observing a decrease in cell counts when cultured with certain tumor cells.
An in vivo study using orthotopic mouse models of human estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer examined AHCC alone and with hormonal agents. AHCC alone decreased tumor growth compared to untreated groups in both MCF-7 and ZR-75 breast cancer models and showed cytotoxicity.
Preliminary findings indicate AHCC did not hinder tamoxifen’s antitumor activity when co-administered in mouse models. However, in one breast cancer model (MCF-7, COMT variant), the combination of AHCC and letrozole increased tumor growth compared to letrozole alone. This suggests a potential interaction with letrozole in specific genetic contexts, and immunoassay data indicated AHCC might induce aromatase activity.
Human clinical evidence for AHCC and breast cancer is limited, often from small studies or observational data, and is not conclusive for treatment. One retrospective study found breast cancer patients receiving AHCC during chemotherapy experienced fewer neutrophil-related adverse events. This study also noted lower usage of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the AHCC group during weekly taxane therapy. Another case report described a patient who took AHCC for nine years post-surgery and chemotherapy with no cancer recurrence or rise in tumor markers, and no reported adverse reactions.
Considerations for Use
Individuals considering AHCC should understand typical dosages and product forms. AHCC is primarily available as capsules. Manufacturer guidelines often recommend two 500 mg capsules taken orally three times daily on an empty stomach, or two capsules daily for general well-being. Dosages up to 6 grams per day have been utilized in some studies.
AHCC is considered well-tolerated, with reported side effects being mild and transient. These can include mild gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea, bloating, diarrhea, and heartburn, as well as fatigue and foot cramps. Serious adverse effects have not been widely reported in clinical safety tests.
Potential drug interactions exist, particularly with medications metabolized by the CYP450 2D6 enzyme. AHCC has been shown to induce CYP450 2D6, which could affect the activity of drugs like doxorubicin or ondansetron. While some studies suggest AHCC can be taken with most chemotherapy agents not metabolized by this pathway, caution is advised with drugs like tamoxifen and letrozole due to observed interactions in preclinical studies.
Sourcing high-quality products from reputable manufacturers is important due to variability in the supplement market. Amino Up Co., Ltd. in Japan is the original manufacturer of AHCC, employing a proprietary production method to ensure consistent quality. Consumers should look for products that state they contain AHCC from this manufacturer to ensure product integrity.
Important Disclaimers and Professional Guidance
AHCC is a dietary supplement and is not intended to be a substitute for conventional medical treatments for breast cancer. It should not be used to treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The available research, while suggesting potential benefits, is largely preliminary and does not support its use as a standalone therapy for cancer.
Individuals undergoing cancer treatment or considering AHCC should consult with their oncologist or healthcare provider before starting any new supplement. This is particularly important to discuss potential interactions with existing medications, especially chemotherapy drugs, and to ensure supplement use aligns with their overall treatment plan. Making informed decisions in collaboration with medical professionals is a fundamental aspect of integrated care.