The Philippine Eagle, one of the largest and most powerful eagles globally, is endemic to the Philippines. Found primarily on Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao, this bird is recognized as the national bird. As an apex predator, it plays a significant role in maintaining the health of its forest ecosystem.
The Eagle’s Diverse Diet
Despite its historical nickname “monkey-eating eagle,” the Philippine Eagle consumes a varied diet, reflecting its opportunistic nature. Its primary prey often includes tree-dwelling mammals such as Philippine flying lemurs (colugos), which can constitute a significant portion of its diet in some regions like Mindanao. Various species of civets, including palm civets, and different types of tree squirrels and flying squirrels are also commonly hunted. The eagle also preys on monkeys, particularly macaques, which are agile and challenging to capture.
Beyond mammals, the Philippine Eagle incorporates a range of reptiles and other birds into its diet. Large snakes, such as pythons, and monitor lizards are regularly taken. The eagle also hunts other large birds, including hornbills, showcasing its dominance within the forest canopy. On occasion, smaller animals like rodents and bats may be consumed, and there are documented instances of young deer (fawns) being taken when the opportunity arises. The specific composition of the eagle’s diet varies depending on prey availability across its range.
Hunting Strategies and Feeding Habits
The Philippine Eagle employs distinct hunting strategies to secure prey within dense forest environments. One common method is “still-hunting” or “perch-hunting,” where the eagle waits silently on a high branch, often near the canopy, scanning for activity below. From this vantage point, it observes prey before executing a powerful, swift swoop. Eagles also soar high above the forest, using keen eyesight to spot potential meals from above.
Once prey is identified, the eagle descends with remarkable speed and precision, navigating through thick foliage. Its powerful talons are perfectly adapted for grasping and immobilizing prey, while its sharp, high-arched beak assists in dismembering the catch. The eagle’s broad wings and long tail provide exceptional maneuverability, allowing it to fly agilely through trees despite its large size. In some instances, Philippine Eagle pairs have been observed hunting cooperatively, with one eagle distracting a group of prey animals, such as monkeys, while the other launches a surprise attack.