Dental plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth and gums. This common occurrence affects everyone, and understanding its appearance is an important step in maintaining oral health. Daily removal of plaque is necessary to prevent potential dental issues.
How Plaque Appears
Plaque is typically clear or a pale yellowish-white, making it difficult to see as it blends with natural tooth color and is inconspicuous. However, certain foods and drinks can discolor it, making it more visible.
When plaque accumulates, it feels soft and sticky, often described as a “fuzzy” sensation. Plaque tends to build up along the gumline, in the spaces between teeth, and on the chewing surfaces of molars.
Making Plaque Visible
Despite plaque’s often subtle appearance, there are practical methods to help identify it. A simple visual inspection using a mirror and good lighting can sometimes reveal areas of buildup, particularly along the gumline. Running your tongue over your teeth can also help detect the fuzzy, rough texture of plaque, even if it is not directly visible.
For a more definitive assessment, disclosing tablets or solutions are effective tools. These products contain a harmless dye that stains plaque vibrant colors, such as red or blue, making it easily distinguishable. After brushing, chewing a tablet or swishing a solution and then rinsing reveals areas where plaque remains, providing feedback on brushing effectiveness.
Plaque Versus Tartar
Plaque and tartar are often confused, but they are distinct substances with different characteristics. Plaque is a soft, sticky film composed of bacteria, saliva, and food particles that can be removed through daily brushing and flossing. It forms continuously on tooth surfaces.
Tartar, also known as calculus, is plaque that has hardened due to minerals in saliva. Unlike plaque, tartar has a rough, hard texture and typically appears yellowish or brownish. Once formed, tartar adheres firmly to the teeth and cannot be removed by regular brushing or flossing; professional dental cleaning is required to remove it.
How Plaque Forms
Plaque formation is a continuous biological process that begins shortly after teeth are cleaned. The process starts with the formation of an acquired pellicle, a thin layer of proteins from saliva that coats the tooth surface. Bacteria naturally present in the mouth then begin to attach to this pellicle.
These bacteria, along with saliva and food particles, particularly sugars and carbohydrates, combine to create the sticky film known as plaque. The bacteria metabolize these sugars, producing acids that affect tooth enamel. Plaque constantly develops, emphasizing the need for regular oral hygiene.