Orally disintegrating tablets, commonly known as ODTs, are a specific type of medication delivery system. Designed for oral administration, they offer an alternative to traditional tablets or capsules by disintegrating rapidly when placed on the tongue.
What an ODT Is
An ODT is a solid medication that dissolves quickly in the mouth, typically within seconds, without the need for water. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines an ODT as a solid dosage form containing medicinal substances that disintegrate rapidly, usually within seconds, when placed on the tongue. This rapid breakdown occurs due to specific formulation techniques, often involving highly soluble components or superdisintegrants. The dissolved medication can then be absorbed through the oral lining or swallowed with saliva for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Why ODTs Are Used
ODTs are beneficial for individuals who experience difficulty swallowing conventional tablets, a condition known as dysphagia. This includes children, the elderly, and those with medical conditions like stroke or psychiatric disorders. The convenience of not requiring water makes ODTs suitable for people on the go or those who lack access to liquids. This dosage form can contribute to improved medication adherence, as it removes common barriers associated with traditional pills like choking sensations or unpleasant tastes.
How to Take an ODT
Proper administration of an ODT begins with ensuring hands are clean and dry before handling the tablet. ODTs often come in specialized packaging, such as blister packs, which should be carefully peeled open to avoid damaging the delicate tablet. Once removed, the tablet should be immediately placed on top of the tongue. Allow it to dissolve completely in the mouth without chewing or crushing. The dissolved medication or saliva can then be swallowed.
Important Considerations for ODTs
ODTs are delicate and require careful handling to maintain their integrity. They are sensitive to moisture and light, so proper storage in a cool, dry place is important. Many ODTs are individually packaged in blister packs to provide protection from environmental factors and physical damage. While ODTs are available for various medications, their formulation can be complex, especially for drugs with a bitter taste or those requiring higher doses.