An infected wisdom tooth occurs when the third molars become a breeding ground for bacteria due to partial eruption or impaction. This condition, medically known as pericoronitis, causes significant pain and inflammation. Removal is often necessary to alleviate symptoms and prevent the infection from spreading, protecting overall oral health.
Identifying an Infected Wisdom Tooth
Recognizing an infected wisdom tooth involves specific signs. Common indicators include pain around the tooth, extending to the jaw or face, and swelling or redness of the gums. A persistent bad taste or breath, and difficulty chewing or opening the mouth, can also signal infection. In more severe cases, individuals might experience swollen lymph glands or a fever.
Wisdom teeth are susceptible to infection because they often emerge without sufficient jaw space. This can lead to impaction, where the tooth is partially emerged or angled, pushing against neighboring teeth. A partially erupted tooth creates a gum flap, trapping food and bacteria. This environment becomes an ideal breeding ground for bacteria, leading to inflammation and infection.
Preparing for the Removal Procedure
Before surgical removal, patients undergo an initial consultation with a dental professional. This visit includes a thorough examination and X-rays to assess the tooth’s position, infection extent, and proximity to nerves. The consultation also involves discussing the patient’s medical history to ensure a safe procedure.
Preparation involves discussing anesthesia options, from local to sedation or general anesthesia, depending on the case’s complexity. For an infected tooth, antibiotics are often prescribed before surgery. This regimen helps reduce active infection and inflammation, minimizing complications. Patients also receive specific pre-operative instructions, such as fasting guidelines if sedation is used.
The Surgical Removal Process
Removal typically begins with administering anesthesia to ensure patient comfort. Once numb or sedated, the oral surgeon accesses the tooth. If impacted or partially covered by gum tissue, an incision might be made to expose it. Bone surrounding the tooth may also need removal to facilitate extraction.
During the procedure, any pus or infected material is carefully drained and thoroughly cleaned from the surgical site. This cleaning helps eliminate the infection source and prevent its spread. The tooth may be divided into smaller sections for easier removal, particularly if severely impacted. After removal, the area is irrigated. The gum tissue is then typically closed with sutures to promote healing.
Navigating Post-Procedure Recovery
Following removal, patients can expect a recovery period. Swelling around the jaw and cheek is typical, peaking within 2-3 days and gradually subsiding over the week. Pain management is important; the surgeon will prescribe medication or recommend over-the-counter options. Applying ice packs in the first 24-48 hours helps reduce swelling and discomfort.
Dietary restrictions are needed; a soft diet is recommended for several days to a week to avoid irritating the surgical site. Good oral hygiene is important, but gentle salt water rinsing, rather than vigorous brushing, is advised initially to avoid dislodging the blood clot. For an infected site, continued antibiotic use, as prescribed, helps ensure the infection is fully resolved and prevents recurrence.
Patients should be vigilant for signs of normal versus abnormal healing. While some oozing and minor swelling are expected, persistent severe pain, increasing swelling after the first few days, fever, or foul taste could indicate complications like a dry socket or persistent infection. Contact the dentist immediately if any concerning symptoms arise, as timely intervention ensures proper healing.