A triglycerides test measures a specific type of fat in the blood, providing insights into metabolic health and potential risks. Understanding triglycerides, why they are tested, how to interpret results, and preparation is key to managing overall well-being.
What are Triglycerides?
Triglycerides are a type of fat, or lipid, found within the bloodstream. They are the most common form of fat in the human body, serving as a primary energy source. When individuals consume food, their bodies convert any unused calories into triglycerides, which are then stored in fat cells. Hormones later release these stored triglycerides to provide energy between meals.
Triglycerides originate from both the fats consumed in food, such as butter and oils, and from excess calories, particularly from carbohydrates and sugar, that the body does not immediately use. These fats circulate in the blood, transported by specific proteins called lipoproteins, until they are either used for energy or stored. The liver also produces its own supply of triglycerides.
Why a Triglycerides Test is Performed
Healthcare providers order a triglycerides test primarily to assess an individual’s risk for heart disease and stroke. This test is typically conducted as part of a broader lipid panel, which also measures cholesterol levels.
High triglyceride levels can contribute to the hardening and thickening of artery walls, a condition known as arteriosclerosis, which increases the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes. The test can also help identify conditions like metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors including excess belly fat, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Extremely elevated triglycerides can also lead to acute inflammation of the pancreas, known as pancreatitis.
Understanding Your Triglyceride Levels
Triglyceride test results are categorized into several ranges. For adults, a normal level is below 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Levels between 150 and 199 mg/dL are borderline high, indicating elevated risk.
A fasting triglyceride level between 200 and 499 mg/dL is deemed high, significantly increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Very high levels, defined as 500 mg/dL or above, carry an even greater risk, particularly for acute pancreatitis. For children and teenagers, these ranges are typically lower, with normal levels for those aged 10-19 being below 90 mg/dL.
High triglycerides often signal other underlying conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, low thyroid hormone levels, or certain genetic conditions. A healthcare professional will interpret results within the context of an individual’s overall health and other risk factors.
Preparing for the Test and Next Steps
To ensure accurate triglyceride test results, a fasting period is generally required before the blood draw. Most healthcare providers recommend fasting for 9 to 12 hours, meaning no food or drinks other than water during this time. Fasting is important because triglyceride levels naturally increase after eating, and a non-fasting test might not accurately reflect typical levels.
After receiving test results, particularly if levels are elevated, healthcare providers will discuss potential next steps. Lifestyle modifications are often the initial recommendation for managing triglyceride levels. These changes may include adopting a heart-healthy diet low in added sugars, refined carbohydrates, and unhealthy fats, while increasing fiber intake. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and limiting alcohol consumption are also beneficial.
For some individuals, especially those with very high triglyceride levels or other risk factors, a doctor might recommend medication in addition to lifestyle changes. Consulting with a healthcare professional is important to develop a personalized plan that addresses specific health needs and effectively manages triglyceride levels.