The red racer snake, scientifically known as Masticophis flagellum piceus, is a distinctive reptile often recognized by its vibrant coloration. This agile snake is a subspecies of the coachwhip, a group known for their speed and slender bodies.
Overall Appearance
The red racer is a long, slender snake, typically measuring between 3 and 6 feet in length, though some individuals can reach up to 8.5 feet. Its body has a smooth texture, and the pattern of its scales can resemble a braided whip.
The coloration of the red racer is variable, ranging from shades of red, pink, or orange to reddish-brown, tan, or even gray and black. Some specimens display dark red or black blotches or bands, particularly on the anterior body, which become less distinct towards the tail. Juvenile red racers may appear light brown or tan before developing adult coloration.
Head and Eye Details
The red racer has a small head that is distinct from its neck. Its eyes are large and prominent, featuring round pupils. These snakes have good eyesight, which aids them in hunting.
Many red racers exhibit black markings on their neck, sometimes appearing as crossbars. These markings can be noticeable, or they may be faint or absent in some individuals. The head itself might be darker than the rest of the body.
Geographic Distribution and Habitat
The red racer snake is primarily found across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Its range includes states including Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and parts of Texas, extending into Sonora and Baja California in Mexico.
This species thrives in a variety of open and dry environments. Habitats include deserts, grasslands, shrublands, rocky or sandy hills, and sparse woodlands. They can also be encountered along roadsides.
Distinguishing From Other Snakes
Identifying a red racer requires noting its visual cues. It is sometimes confused with other snakes, such as gopher snakes or other coachwhip subspecies. Gopher snakes, for instance, are often tan with large, square brown blotches or saddles along their backs and possess keeled scales, unlike the red racer’s smooth scales.
Western Groundsnakes are sometimes mistaken for young red racers, but they are significantly smaller as adults, typically about the size of a pencil. The red racer’s common name can be misleading, as not all coachwhips are red, and not all “racers” belong to the true racer genus (Coluber). However, the Masticophis flagellum piceus subspecies is known for its reddish hues.