Philodendrons are popular houseplants, admired for their diverse foliage. While their unique flower structures are less commonly observed, especially indoors, understanding these floral displays offers further appreciation for the plant’s botanical intricacies.
Understanding Philodendron Flowers
What is commonly called a philodendron “flower” is botanically an inflorescence, a specialized structure housing the plant’s true, tiny flowers. This inflorescence consists of two primary parts: a spathe and a spadix. The spathe is a modified, leaf-like hood that envelops and protects the spadix, often attracting pollinators with its color, shape, or scent. The spadix is a fleshy spike where numerous minute male and female flowers are arranged in distinct zones, often separated to prevent self-pollination. This arrangement is characteristic of plants in the Araceae family, to which philodendrons belong.
Appearance of Philodendron Flowers
Philodendron inflorescences differ from the showy, petal-filled blooms of many other plants. The spathe, the most visible part, varies significantly in size, shape, and texture by species. While some spathes are greenish, white, or cream, others exhibit vibrant hues. Some species, like ‘Imperial Red’ philodendrons, can have red or reddish-burgundy spathes, with red coloration often due to pigments like pelargonidin.
The spadix, nestled within the spathe, is typically creamy white or yellow. It may also display a subtle fragrance, particularly at night, to attract pollinators. This appearance, though not traditionally “flowery,” features the spathe as a contrasting backdrop to the central spadix.
Why Philodendrons Rarely Flower Indoors
Philodendrons rarely bloom indoors because typical home environments do not replicate their natural tropical habitats. A significant factor is plant maturity; philodendrons often need 15 years or more to reach the size and age required for flowering, and many indoor plants do not live or grow long enough to reach this stage. Insufficient bright, indirect light is another common reason, as plants need energy for flowering. Stable indoor temperatures and lack of seasonal cues also play a role, as wild philodendrons respond to environmental changes that trigger blooming. Stress from inconsistent watering, nutrient deficiencies, or being root-bound can further inhibit flower production.
Encouraging Philodendron Blooms
While indoor philodendron flowering is uncommon, optimizing care can increase bloom likelihood. Providing bright, indirect light is key, as it fuels energy for flowering. Place the plant near a north or east-facing window, or use supplemental grow lights. Maintain high humidity (ideally 60% or higher) to mimic tropical conditions, using humidifiers or pebble trays for consistent moisture.
Consistent watering, allowing the top inch of soil to dry, prevents root rot and drought stress. During the growing season (spring and summer), feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Stable temperatures (65°F-80°F) and protection from drafts also contribute to health and potential flowering.
Important Considerations
All philodendron parts, including flowers, contain calcium oxalate crystals, making them toxic if ingested. Ingestion can cause immediate pain, burning, and swelling of the mouth, throat, and tongue, plus digestive upset. Keep philodendrons out of reach of children and pets.
In their natural environments, philodendron flowers attract scarab beetles for pollination, generating heat and emitting scents. Some species also produce sticky resin to aid pollen adhesion. Most philodendron enthusiasts cultivate these plants for their diverse foliage, which remains their primary aesthetic appeal as houseplants.