A canker sore, also known as an aphthous ulcer, is a common, non-contagious oral lesion that develops on the soft tissues inside the mouth or at the base of the gums. These small, shallow ulcers are often irritating and painful, making eating and talking uncomfortable. This article describes the typical visual changes a canker sore undergoes as it heals.
Visual Progression of a Healing Canker Sore
A canker sore begins with a tingling or burning sensation before a small red bump or spot appears. Within one to three days, this initial inflammation transforms into a distinct ulcer, which usually presents as a white or yellowish center surrounded by a raised, red border.
As healing begins, the sore shrinks. The intense redness around the border gradually fades, and the white or yellowish center might change in texture or color. The edges of the sore appear less inflamed as new tissue forms.
In the mid-healing stage, the canker sore continues to reduce in diameter. The distinct white or yellowish membrane covering the ulcer gradually diminishes as healthy, pinkish tissue fills the area. Pain also lessens during this period.
In the final stages of healing, the sore becomes significantly smaller and flatter. The pinkish tissue continues to mature, eventually blending in with the surrounding oral mucosa. A completely healed minor canker sore typically leaves no scar, with the affected area returning to its normal appearance.
How Long Canker Sores Take to Heal
Most minor canker sores heal within one to two weeks. The pain from these sores often begins to subside within seven to ten days. However, the exact duration can vary depending on the type and size of the sore.
Factors such as the sore’s location can influence healing time; for instance, areas prone to constant irritation from speaking or eating might heal more slowly. Larger or more severe canker sores can take up to four to six weeks to heal and may occasionally leave a scar. Individual immune responses and overall health also play a role in the speed of recovery.
When to Seek Professional Medical Advice
While most canker sores resolve without intervention, there are specific situations where medical consultation is advisable. If a canker sore persists for longer than two weeks, it warrants an evaluation by a doctor or dentist. This is particularly important if the sore is unusually large, extremely painful, or causes severe difficulty with eating or drinking.
Recurrent canker sores, especially if new ones appear before old ones have healed or if outbreaks are frequent, should also prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. Additionally, if a canker sore is accompanied by systemic symptoms such as a fever, skin rash, headache, swollen lymph nodes, or general unwellness, it is important to seek medical attention. A medical professional can help differentiate common canker sores from other, potentially more serious oral conditions.