A chalazion is a common, non-infectious lump that develops on the eyelid. It forms when an oil-producing gland in the eyelid, known as a meibomian gland, becomes blocked. This blockage causes oil to build up, leading to the formation of a small, often painless, bump. Understanding its appearance can help individuals differentiate it from other eyelid conditions.
How a Chalazion Appears
A chalazion typically presents as a firm, round or oval-shaped bump located within the eyelid, not at the edge. It can appear on either the upper or lower eyelid. Its size can vary, from a tiny, barely noticeable nodule to a pea-sized or even larger mass. Its development is usually gradual, often appearing slowly over several days or weeks.
The color of a chalazion is generally skin-colored, blending with the surrounding eyelid tissue. With inflammation, the skin over the chalazion might appear slightly reddish. When touched, a chalazion usually feels firm and rubbery, and it is typically not tender or painful. Unlike other eyelid conditions, a chalazion rarely causes discomfort unless it grows large enough to press on the eye or become secondarily infected.
Chalazion vs. Stye
Chalazions are often confused with styes due to their similar appearance. However, distinct visual differences exist. A stye (hordeolum) is an acute infection of an oil gland or hair follicle, while a chalazion is a non-infectious blockage. Styes are usually more painful and tender to the touch than chalazions.
A stye typically appears as a red, swollen, and tender bump on the eyelid margin, often at an eyelash base. It may have a small, yellowish pus spot at its center, similar to a pimple. In contrast, a chalazion is deeper within the eyelid, away from the edge, and lacks the intense redness and tenderness of a stye. The absence of significant pain and the firm, non-tender nature are key visual indicators of a chalazion.
When to Consult a Doctor
While most chalazions resolve on their own, certain signs indicate medical attention is beneficial. If a chalazion rapidly increases in size or causes noticeable vision changes, such as blurriness or astigmatism due to corneal pressure, a doctor’s visit is warranted. Although chalazions are typically painless, persistent or significant discomfort, or increasing pain, can also be a reason to seek medical advice.
Other cues for professional consultation include signs of spreading infection, like increasing redness and swelling beyond the lump, or fever. If the chalazion does not improve after several weeks of home care, a medical evaluation can confirm the diagnosis and discuss treatment. Recurring chalazions in the same eye also warrant a doctor’s assessment.