Salivary glands produce saliva, a fluid essential for various oral functions, including aiding digestion, keeping the mouth moist, and protecting teeth. When the ducts that transport saliva become obstructed, it can lead to a blocked salivary gland. This blockage can cause discomfort and present with several noticeable physical signs.
Recognizing the Signs
A blocked salivary gland often manifests through distinct physical and sensory indicators. One of the primary visible signs is swelling in the affected area, commonly observed under the jaw, in front of the ear, or beneath the tongue, depending on which gland is impacted. This swelling might fluctuate, worsening during or after meals as saliva production increases. The area might also appear red and feel tender, indicating inflammation.
Beyond visible changes, a blocked salivary gland can cause various sensory symptoms. Individuals often experience pain or discomfort in the swollen region, which can range from a mild ache to sharp pain, particularly when eating or even anticipating food. This “mealtime syndrome” occurs because saliva attempts to flow but is blocked, causing pressure to build within the gland. Reduced saliva flow or dry mouth (xerostomia) can occur, alongside a strange or unpleasant taste. Some individuals might detect a firm lump or palpable area near the affected gland.
Understanding the Causes
Blocked salivary glands primarily result from common issues. The most frequent cause involves the formation of salivary stones, medically termed sialoliths or calculi. These small, calcified deposits form within the salivary glands or their ducts, impeding the normal flow of saliva. Approximately 80-85% of these stones develop in the submandibular glands, located under the jaw.
Blockages can also lead to or be caused by infection, a condition known as sialadenitis. When saliva pools behind an obstruction, it creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth. Viral infections, such as mumps, can also cause salivary gland inflammation and swelling. Trauma or injury to the salivary glands can similarly result in swelling and obstruction of the ducts. Less common reasons for blockages include cysts or tumors, which can physically compress the ducts, or certain autoimmune conditions.
Next Steps and When to See a Doctor
For suspected blocked salivary glands, self-care measures can provide relief and potentially dislodge the obstruction.
Staying hydrated helps thin saliva, making it easier to flow.
Gently massaging the affected area, moving from the back of the gland towards the mouth, can help encourage the stone or blockage to pass.
Applying warm compresses to the swollen area may alleviate discomfort and promote saliva flow.
Sucking on sour candies or lemon wedges stimulates saliva production, which can help flush out a small stone.
While home remedies are often effective, it is important to know when to seek professional medical attention. If symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen, or are accompanied by fever, spreading redness, increased pain, or pus, a doctor’s visit is warranted. Difficulty breathing or swallowing, or an inability to open the mouth, also require immediate medical evaluation. A healthcare provider can diagnose the cause of the blockage and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include antibiotics for infection or procedures to remove larger stones.