“Termite flies” are not a distinct species of fly, but rather the winged, reproductive stage of termites, commonly known as swarmers or alates. These insects emerge from mature termite colonies to mate and establish new colonies. Their appearance is a natural part of the termite life cycle, indicating that a hidden colony has reached a significant size and is ready to expand.
Key Identifying Features
Their most noticeable feature is their four long, translucent wings, which are roughly equal in size and length and extend well beyond the body. The wings are delicate and are commonly shed shortly after a swarmer lands to establish a new colony, often leaving behind piles of discarded wings near windows or light sources.
The body of a termite swarmer has a straight, broad waist, giving it a more uniform thickness from head to abdomen. This contrasts with other insects that might have a constricted or “pinched” waist. Their antennae are straight and appear beaded, resembling a string of tiny beads.
Regarding color and size, termite swarmers typically range from dark brown to black, though some species may be lighter, appearing tan or yellowish-brown. Their size can vary by species, but they are generally small, often around 1/4 to 1/2 inch in length, including their wings. Some larger species, like certain dampwood termites, can reach up to 1 inch.
Differentiating from Similar Insects
Distinguishing termite swarmers from other winged insects, particularly flying ants, is important for accurate identification. A primary difference lies in their wings: termite swarmers have two pairs of wings that are equal in size, unlike flying ants whose front wings are noticeably larger than their hind wings.
Termite swarmers have a broad, uniform waist, meaning their body segments do not appear distinctly separated. In contrast, flying ants possess a constricted or “pinched” waist, which clearly divides their body into three distinct sections: head, thorax, and abdomen.
Termite swarmers have straight, beaded antennae, while flying ants have elbowed or bent antennae. These characteristics help differentiate between the two insects for proper identification.
The Significance of Their Appearance
The presence of “termite flies” or swarmers is a significant indicator of termite activity. Their emergence signals that a mature termite colony is established nearby, either within a structure or in close proximity. These winged reproductives are sent out by the colony to find mates and establish new colonies, indicating a thriving population.
Seeing swarmers, especially indoors, suggests an existing infestation that has likely been developing for some time. Termite colonies produce swarmers only after reaching a certain size and maturity, a process that can take several years. Therefore, their appearance indicates active termites expanding their presence.