Interproximal cavities, commonly known as cavities between teeth, present a unique challenge. Unlike decay on visible tooth surfaces, these cavities develop in the hidden spaces where adjacent teeth meet. Their concealed nature means they often go unnoticed, allowing them to progress significantly before discovery.
How Interproximal Cavities Appear
In their earliest stages, interproximal cavities are not visible to the naked eye. The initial sign of decay, known as demineralization, may appear as a small white spot on the tooth’s side, often close to the gum line. This white spot indicates that the enamel is beginning to break down.
As interproximal cavities advance, decay can spread. A visible hole or dark spot may become apparent if decay has significantly eroded the tooth. In later stages, food particles might frequently get trapped in the affected area. A dull, grayish appearance of the tooth, or changes in the surrounding gum tissue like inflammation or bleeding during flossing, can also suggest an underlying issue.
Why They Are Hard to Spot
Interproximal cavities are difficult for an individual to spot at home due to their location. They form in the tight spaces between teeth, obstructing direct visual inspection. The natural curvature and close proximity of adjacent teeth create a barrier, making decay nearly impossible to see without professional assistance.
These cavities often do not present noticeable symptoms like pain or sensitivity until decay has reached advanced stages, often penetrating beyond the enamel into the softer dentin layer. This absence of early discomfort contributes to delayed self-detection. Also, interproximal cavities begin as very small lesions, becoming visible only after considerable tooth damage.
Professional Detection and Diagnosis
Given the difficulty of self-detection, dental professionals employ specific methods to identify interproximal cavities. Dental X-rays, or radiographs, are the primary tool for detecting these hidden cavities. Bitewing X-rays are particularly useful as they provide detailed images of the crown portions of the back teeth, revealing decay between teeth that cannot be seen during a visual examination.
Dentists also conduct a thorough clinical examination, using specialized tools like explorers and bright lights to inspect and gently probe the areas between teeth. This tactile examination can help identify soft spots or changes in tooth surface texture that may indicate decay, even if direct visibility is limited. Newer technologies, such as transillumination or laser fluorescence devices like DIAGNOdent, can supplement traditional methods by using light to detect changes in tooth density or structure, providing additional information about the presence and extent of decay. Regular dental check-ups, typically every six months, are recommended for the early detection and timely treatment of these cavities.