Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a common ingredient in many over-the-counter cough medications. It provides temporary relief from cough symptoms caused by minor throat and bronchial irritation, often associated with colds or flu. DXM helps alleviate the discomfort of persistent coughing, reducing the urge to cough. This compound is a common choice for addressing coughs that do not produce mucus.
Understanding Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan is an antitussive, meaning it is a cough suppressant. It works by acting on the brain’s cough center, decreasing the activity that triggers the cough reflex. This action helps raise the threshold for coughing, reducing the frequency and intensity of coughs.
Once ingested, DXM is rapidly absorbed and crosses the blood-brain barrier. While structurally similar to certain opioids, DXM primarily influences specific brain receptors without directly acting on opioid receptors. Its cough-suppressing effects typically last for about three to eight hours, depending on the specific formulation.
Common Over-the-Counter Medicines with Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan is a common active ingredient in many over-the-counter cough and cold remedies. Many well-known brands include DXM in their formulations, often indicated by “DM” in the product name. Specific examples include Robitussin DM, Mucinex DM, Vicks DayQuil Cough, and Delsym.
These medications frequently combine DXM with other active ingredients to address a broader range of symptoms. For instance, DXM might be paired with expectorants like guaifenesin to help thin mucus, or with decongestants and antihistamines to provide more comprehensive relief for cold and flu symptoms. Generic and store-brand versions also contain DXM. It is common to find DXM in various forms, such as liquids, capsules, gelcaps, lozenges, and tablets.
Identifying DXM on Labels and Safe Use
To identify dextromethorphan in cough medicines, check the “Active Ingredients” section of the Drug Facts label. DXM can be listed by its full name, “dextromethorphan,” or by abbreviations like “dextromethorphan HBr” or “DXM.” Some products may also feature a “Stop Medicine Abuse” icon, which indicates the presence of DXM.
Follow dosage instructions for safe use. Do not exceed the recommended dose or take the medication for longer than seven days without consulting a healthcare professional. Dextromethorphan can cause mild side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, or stomach discomfort. Avoid combining DXM with other medications that might cause drowsiness, and be mindful of potential interactions with other prescription drugs. If a cough persists or worsens, or if accompanied by fever, rash, or a lasting headache, seek medical advice.