Redwood is widely recognized for its distinctive reddish-brown color. This natural hue contributes to its widespread use in various applications, from outdoor structures to interior paneling. Its warmth and rich appearance are characteristic features of the wood.
The Distinctive Reddish-Brown
Redwood timber displays a reddish-brown color, which is not uniform throughout the tree. Significant variations exist between the heartwood and sapwood. The heartwood, the older, inner portion of the tree, typically displays deeper, more vibrant reddish-brown tones. This wood is valued for its color and durability.
In contrast, the sapwood, the living, outermost layer beneath the bark, tends to be lighter, often appearing as a cream or off-white hue. When lumber contains both heartwood and sapwood, it creates a visual contrast. The precise shade of redwood can also vary slightly depending on the specific species, such as Coast Redwood versus Giant Sequoia, and even between individual trees due to growing conditions.
The Science Behind Redwood’s Hue
The reddish-brown color of redwood is primarily due to natural chemical compounds within the wood, known as extractives. Tannins are important among these, contributing to the wood’s color. These organic compounds absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others, resulting in the wood’s characteristic reddish-brown appearance. Heartwood, with its higher concentration of these extractives, exhibits a darker and richer color.
Beyond coloration, these extractives, including tannins, also provide redwood with natural resistance properties. They help protect the wood from decay, rot, and insect infestations, making redwood a durable material for various uses. These compounds contribute to redwood’s longevity.
How Redwood Color Evolves
The color of redwood can change significantly over time, especially when exposed to outdoor elements. This process, known as weathering, is primarily influenced by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun and moisture. UV radiation breaks down wood fibers, leading to a fading of the reddish-brown color. This photo-oxidation process can cause the wood to gradually turn a silvery-gray.
Moisture, such as rain, also plays a role by washing away surface components and contributing to discoloration. In damp climates, redwood might initially darken before transitioning to a soft, driftwood gray. Many find this natural silvery-gray patina aesthetically pleasing. However, if the original reddish-brown color is preferred, sealants and finishes can be applied to help retard this natural aging process.