Nursing mothers often seek relief from cold symptoms while ensuring their baby’s well-being. Many medications can transfer into breast milk, raising questions about infant safety. Knowing which cold remedies are compatible with breastfeeding and which to approach with caution helps mothers make informed decisions for their health and their baby’s safety.
Medications Generally Considered Safe
Several over-the-counter medications are generally suitable for nursing mothers with cold symptoms. Pain relievers and fever reducers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen are widely used. Only small amounts pass into breast milk, making them unlikely to cause adverse effects in infants. Ibuprofen is often preferred for fever or headache due to its minimal transfer into milk.
For nasal congestion, saline nasal sprays are completely safe. Nasal sprays with oxymetazoline are also generally safe, acting locally with minimal absorption into the bloodstream or breast milk. Cough suppressants like dextromethorphan and expectorants such as guaifenesin are typically compatible with breastfeeding due to very low levels in milk. Non-sedating antihistamines, including loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine, are usually safe for allergy-like cold symptoms, with minimal transfer and reduced infant drowsiness risk.
Medications to Avoid
Nursing mothers should generally avoid certain cold medications due to potential risks to the infant or milk supply. Oral decongestants like pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are often discouraged. Pseudoephedrine can reduce milk production and may cause infant irritability. Phenylephrine is also a concern for milk supply.
Certain cough and cold preparations also pose risks. Codeine, a common cough suppressant, can accumulate in an infant’s system, potentially leading to serious side effects like breathing difficulties or a slow heart rate. Sedating antihistamines, including diphenhydramine (often found in nighttime cold remedies), can cause drowsiness and irritability in the breastfed infant. High doses of aspirin should also be avoided due to the risk of accumulation in the baby’s system and Reye’s Syndrome.
Non-Medication Approaches
Beyond medications, several non-medication strategies can effectively alleviate cold symptoms for nursing mothers. Staying well-hydrated by consuming plenty of water, clear broths, and herbal teas helps thin mucus and soothe a sore throat. Adequate rest supports the body’s immune system and recovery process.
Utilizing steam therapy can also provide significant relief for congestion. Inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water or taking a steamy shower helps to moisten nasal passages and loosen mucus. Saline nasal rinses or a neti pot can safely clear nasal passages, flushing out irritants and reducing congestion. Gargling with warm salt water can help soothe a sore throat and reduce irritation.
Breastfeeding While Under the Weather
Continuing to breastfeed during a cold is generally beneficial for both mother and baby. Breast milk contains antibodies that transfer from the mother, providing immune protection against her illness. This can reduce the baby’s risk of getting sick or lead to milder symptoms.
Maintaining good hygiene practices is important to minimize germ transmission. Frequent hand washing, especially before nursing or handling the baby, is recommended. Wearing a mask when coughing or sneezing can offer added protection. To support milk supply during illness, mothers should continue frequent nursing or pumping and prioritize hydration and rest. If a mother feels too unwell to nurse directly, pumping milk can help maintain supply and allow the baby to continue receiving breast milk.
Always consult a healthcare provider or lactation consultant before taking any medication while nursing. They can offer personalized advice based on your health and your baby’s specific needs.